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Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This

deem

–verb (used without object)

1.	to form or have an opinion; judge; think: He did not deem lightly of the issue.

–verb (used with object)

2.	to hold as an opinion; think; regard: He deemed it wise to refuse the offer.

[Origin: bef. 900; ME demen, OE déman; c. Goth dōmjan, OHG tuomen; see doom

]

—Synonyms 2. consider, hold, believe.

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Deem

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American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

deem Audio Help   (dēm) Pronunciation Key
v.   deemed, deem·ing, deems

v.   tr.

To have as an opinion; judge: deemed it was time for a change.
To regard as; consider: deemed the results unsatisfactory. See Usage Note at as¹.

v. intr.
To have an opinion; think. See Synonyms at consider.

[Middle English demen, from Old English dēman; see dhē- in Indo-European roots.]

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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
deem

O.E. deman, from base of dom (see doom). Originally "to pronounce judgment" as well as "to form an opinion." The two judges of the Isle of Man were called deemsters in 17c.

WordNet - Cite This Source - Share This

deem
verb
keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view; "take for granted"; "view as important"; "hold these truths to be self-evident"; "I hold him personally responsible"

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary (Beta Version) - Cite This Source - Share This
deem [diːm] verb

to judge or think
Example: He deemed it unwise to tell her the truth.

Arabic:	يَعْتَقِد، يَعْتَبِر
Chinese (Simplified):	认为
Chinese (Traditional):	認為
Czech:	považovat
Danish:	skønne; anse; betragte
Dutch:	achten
Estonian:	(millekski) pidama
Finnish:	pitää jonakin
French:	juger
German:	halten für
Greek:	θεωρώ, κρίνω
Hungarian:	vminek tart, tekint
Icelandic:	álíta
Indonesian:	menilai
Italian:	giudicare

Japanese:	考える
Korean:	생각하다, 판단하다
Latvian:	uzskatīt
Lithuanian:	manyti
Norwegian:	anse (for), mene
Polish:	uważać za
Portuguese (Brazil):	julgar
Portuguese (Portugal):	julgar
Romanian:	a socoti, a crede
Russian:	полагать
Slovak:	považovať, pokladať
Slovenian:	meniti
Spanish:	juzgar, considerar
Swedish:	anse, bedöma
Turkish:	düşünmek, saymak

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Deem

Deem\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Deemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Deeming.] [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d?man, fr. d?m doom; akin to OFries. d?ma, OS. ad?mian, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. d[ae]ma, Sw. d["o]mma, Dan. d["o]mme, Goth. d?mjan. See Doom, n., and cf. Doom, v.]

1. To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [Obs.]

Claudius . . . Was demed for to hang upon a tree. --Chaucer.

2. To account; to esteem; to think; to judge; to hold in opinion; to regard.

For never can I deem him less him less than god. --Dryden.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Deem

Deem\, v. i. 1. To be of opinion; to think; to estimate; to opine; to suppose.

And deemest thou as those who pore, With aged eyes, short way before? --Emerson.

2. To pass judgment. [Obs.] --Spenser.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Deem

Deem\, n. Opinion; judgment. [Obs.] --Shak.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Deem

Do\, v. t. or auxiliary. [imp. Din; p. p. Done; p. pr. & vb. n. Doing. This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative, present tense, thus: I do, thou doest (?) or dost ?, he does (?), doeth (?), or doth (?); when auxiliary, the second person is, thou dost. As an independent verb, dost is obsolete or rare, except in poetry. "What dost thou in this world?" --Milton. The form doeth is a verb unlimited, doth, formerly so used, now being the auxiliary form. The second pers, sing., imperfect tense, is didst (?), formerly didest (?).] [AS. d?n; akin to D. doen, OS. duan, OHG. tuon, G. thun, Lith. deti, OSlav. d?ti, OIr. d['e]nim I do, Gr. ? to put, Skr. dh[=a], and to E. suffix -dom, and prob. to L. facere to do, E. fact, and perh. to L. -dere in some compounfds, as addere to add, credere to trust. ??? Cf. Deed, Deem, Doom, Fact, Creed, Theme.]

1. To place; to put. [Obs.] --Tale of a Usurer (about 1330).

2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.]

My lord Abbot of Westminster did do shewe to me late certain evidences. --W. Caxton.

I shall . . . your cloister do make. --Piers Plowman.

A fatal plague which many did to die. --Spenser.

We do you to wit [i. e., We make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. --2 Cor. viii. 1.

Note: We have lost the idiom shown by the citations (do used like the French faire or laisser), in which the verb in the infinitive apparently, but not really, has a passive signification, i. e., cause . . . to be made.

3. To bring about; to produce, as an effect or result; to effect; to achieve.

The neglecting it may do much danger. --Shak.

He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good not harm. --Shak.

4. To perform, as an action; to execute; to transact to carry out in action; as, to do a good or a bad act; do our duty; to do what I can.

Six days shalt thou labor and do all thy work. --Ex. xx. 9.

We did not do these things. --Ld. Lytton.

You can not do wrong without suffering wrong. --Emerson. Hence: To do homage, honor, favor, justice, etc., to render homage, honor, etc.

5. To bring to an end by action; to perform completely; to finish; to accomplish; -- a sense conveyed by the construction, which is that of the past participle done. "Ere summer half be done." "I have done weeping." --Shak.

6. To make ready for an object, purpose, or use, as food by cooking; to cook completely or sufficiently; as, the meat is done on one side only.

7. To put or bring into a form, state, or condition, especially in the phrases, to do death, to put to death; to slay; to do away (often do away with), to put away; to remove; to do on, to put on; to don; to do off, to take off, as dress; to doff; to do into, to put into the form of; to translate or transform into, as a text.

Done to death by slanderous tongues. -- Shak.

The ground of the difficulty is done away. -- Paley.

Suspicions regarding his loyalty were entirely done away. --Thackeray.

To do on our own harness, that we may not; but we must do on the armor of God. -- Latimer.

Then Jason rose and did on him a fair Blue woolen tunic. -- W. Morris (Jason).

Though the former legal pollution be now done off, yet there is a spiritual contagion in idolatry as much to be shunned. --Milton.

It ["Pilgrim's Progress"] has been done into verse: it has been done into modern English. -- Macaulay.

8. To cheat; to gull; to overreach. [Colloq.]

He was not be done, at his time of life, by frivolous offers of a compromise that might have secured him seventy-five per cent. -- De Quincey.

9. To see or inspect; to explore; as, to do all the points of interest. [Colloq.]

10. (Stock Exchange) To cash or to advance money for, as a bill or note.

Note: (a) Do and did are much employed as auxiliaries, the verb to which they are joined being an infinitive. As an auxiliary the verb do has no participle. "I do set my bow in the cloud." --Gen. ix. 13. [Now archaic or rare except for emphatic assertion.]

Rarely . . . did the wrongs of individuals to the knowledge of the public. -- Macaulay. (b) They are often used in emphatic construction. "You don't say so, Mr. Jobson. -- but I do say so." --Sir W. Scott. "I did love him, but scorn him now." --Latham. (c) In negative and interrogative constructions, do and did are in common use. I do not wish to see them; what do you think? Did C[ae]sar cross the Tiber? He did not. "Do you love me?" --Shak. (d) Do, as an auxiliary, is supposed to have been first used before imperatives. It expresses entreaty or earnest request; as, do help me. In the imperative mood, but not in the indicative, it may be used with the verb to be; as, do be quiet. Do, did, and done often stand as a general substitute or representative verb, and thus save the repetition of the principal verb. "To live and die is all we have to do." --Denham. In the case of do and did as auxiliaries, the sense may be completed by the infinitive (without to) of the verb represented. "When beauty lived and died as flowers do now." --Shak. "I . . . chose my wife as she did her wedding gown." --Goldsmith.

My brightest hopes giving dark fears a being. As the light does the shadow. -- Longfellow. In unemphatic affirmative sentences do is, for the most part, archaic or poetical; as, "This just reproach their virtue does excite." --Dryden.

To do one's best, To do one's diligence (and the like), to exert one's self; to put forth one's best or most or most diligent efforts. "We will . . . do our best to gain their assent." --Jowett (Thucyd.).

To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] --Wycherley.

To do one shame, to cause one shame. [Obs.]

To do over. (a) To make over; to perform a second time. (b) To cover; to spread; to smear. "Boats . . . sewed together and done over with a kind of slimy stuff like rosin." --De Foe.

To do to death, to put to death. (See 7.) [Obs.]

To do up. (a) To put up; to raise. [Obs.] --Chaucer. (b) To pack together and envelop; to pack up. (c) To accomplish thoroughly. [Colloq.] (d) To starch and iron. "A rich gown of velvet, and a ruff done up with the famous yellow starch." --Hawthorne.

To do way, to put away; to lay aside. [Obs.] --Chaucer.

To do with, to dispose of; to make use of; to employ; -- usually preceded by what. "Men are many times brought to that extremity, that were it not for God they would not know what to do with themselves." --Tillotson.

To have to do with, to have concern, business or intercourse with; to deal with. When preceded by what, the notion is usually implied that the affair does not concern the person denoted by the subject of have. "Philology has to do with language in its fullest sense." --Earle. "What have I to do with you, ye sons of Zeruiah? --2 Sam. xvi. 10.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Deem

Doom\, n. [As. d?m; akin to OS. d?m, OHG. tuom, Dan. & Sw. dom, Icel. d?mr, Goth. d?ms, Gr. ? law; fr. the root of E. do, v. t. ?. See Do, v. t., and cf. Deem, -dom.]

1. Judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation.

The first dooms of London provide especially the recovery of cattle belonging to the citizens. --J. R. Green.

Now against himself he sounds this doom. --Shak.

2. That to which one is doomed or sentenced; destiny or fate, esp. unhappy destiny; penalty.

Ere Hector meets his doom. --Pope.

And homely household task shall be her doom. --Dryden.

3. Ruin; death.

This is the day of doom for Bassianus. --Shak.

4. Discriminating opinion or judgment; discrimination; discernment; decision. [Obs.]

And there he learned of things and haps to come, To give foreknowledge true, and certain doom. --Fairfax.

Syn: Sentence; condemnation; decree; fate; destiny; lot; ruin; destruction.

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DEEM

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