Capable of being put into a one-to-one relationship. Used of two sets.
Having virtually identical or corresponding parts.
Of or relating to corresponding elements under an equivalence relation.
Being essentially equal, all things considered: a wish that was equivalent to a command.
Mathematics
Capable of being put into a one-to-one relationship. Used of two sets.
Having virtually identical or corresponding parts.
Of or relating to corresponding elements under an equivalence relation.
Chemistry Having the same ability to combine.
Logic Having equivalence: equivalent propositions.
n.
Something that is essentially equal to another: "Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to ... accident and malpractice victims"(Moorhead Kennedy).
Chemistry Equivalent weight.
[Middle English, from Late Latin aequivalēns, aequivalent-, present participle of aequivalēre, to have equal force : Latin aequi-, equi- + Latin valēre, to be strong; see wal- in Indo-European roots.]
c.1460, from L.L. æquivalentem (nom. æquivalens) "equivalent," pp. of æquivalere "be equivalent," from L. æquus "equal" + valere "be well, be worth" (see valiant).
being essentially equal to something; "it was as good as gold"; "a wish that was equivalent to a command"; "his statement was tantamount to an admission of guilt"
noun
1.
a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc; "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
2.
the atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen
equal in value, power, meaning etc Example: A metre is not quite equivalent to a yard; Would you say that `bravery' and `courage' are exactly equivalent?
Main Entry: 2equivalent Function: noun 1 a: the relative weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another
element : the atomic weight divided by the valence b: the relative weight of a radical or compound that combines with a given weight of an element, radical, or compound;
especially: the weight of a compound that reacts with one equivalent of a given chemical element 2: a psychopathological symptom replacing the usual one in a
given disorder <a twilight state may be an epileptic equivalent>
Main Entry: 1equiv·a·lent Pronunciation: -l&nt Function: adjective 1: corresponding or virtually identical especially
in effect or function <drugs that are therapeutically equivalent> 2: having the same chemical combining capacity <equivalent quantities of two elements>
Main Entry: eq·uiv·a·lent Function: noun : something that performs substantially the same function as another thing in substantially the same way
—compare AGGREGATION, COMBINATION, INVENTION NOTE: Under patent law, a patentee may bring a claim for infringement against the inventor of an equivalent.
E*quiv"a*lence\, n. [Cf. F. ['e]quivalence, LL. aequivalentia.]1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions. 2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount. 3. (Chem.) (a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence. (b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.]
E*quiv"a*lent\, a. [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr. of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong, be worth: cf. F. ['e]quivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.]1. Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning. For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent. --South. 2. (Geom.) Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; -- applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle. 3. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries.
E*quiv"a*lent\, n. 1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done. He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . . During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse. --Macaulay. 2. (Chem.) That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: (a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16. Note: This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the conjectural expression atomic weight, with which, however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of, the atomic weight. 3. (Chem.) A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or more equivalents of base. Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics), the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from 0[deg] C. to 1[deg] C., or from 32[deg] F. to 33[deg] F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.
Heat\, n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h?tu, h?to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.]1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric. Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body. 2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold. 3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc. Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! --Milton. 4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise. It has raised . . . heats in their faces. --Addison. The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. --Moxon. 5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats. 6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three. Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. --Dryden. [He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." --J. C. Shairp. 7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." --Shak. 8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage." --South. 9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency. With all the strength and heat of eloquence. --Addison. 10. Sexual excitement in animals. 11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0[deg] Centigrade, or 32[deg] Fahrenheit.
Joule\ (j[=oo]l), n. [From the distinguished English physicist, James P. Joule.] (Physics.) A unit of work which is equal to 10^7 units of work in the C. G. S. system of units (ergs), and is practically equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an electric current of one ampere in a resistance of one ohm. One joule is approximately equal to 0.738 foot pounds. Joule's equivalent. See under Equivalent, n.
Val"iant\, a. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, Equivalent, Prevail, Valid.]1. Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [Obs.] --Walton. 2. Intrepid in danger; courageous; brave. A valiant and most expert gentleman. --Shak. And Saul said to David . . . be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles. --1 Sam. xviii. 17. 3. Performed with valor or bravery; heroic. "Thou bearest the highest name for valiant acts." --Milton. [The saints] have made such valiant confessions. --J. H. Newman. -- Val"iant*ly, adv. -- Val"iant*ness, n.
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