the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax.
2.
these features or constructions themselves: English grammar.
3.
an account of these features; a set of rules accounting for these constructions: a grammar of English.
4.
Generative Grammar. a device, as a body of rules, whose output is all of the sentences that are permissible in a given language, while excluding all those that are not permissible.
The study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences.
The study of structural relationships in language or in a language, sometimes including pronunciation, meaning, and linguistic history.
The system of inflections, syntax, and word formation of a language.
The system of rules implicit in a language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences possible in that language.
A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.
Writing or speech judged with regard to such a set of rules.
The basic principles of an area of knowledge: the grammar of music.
A book dealing with such principles.
The system of inflections, syntax, and word formation of a language.
The system of rules implicit in a language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences possible in that language.
A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.
Writing or speech judged with regard to such a set of rules.
The basic principles of an area of knowledge: the grammar of music.
A book dealing with such principles.
A normative or prescriptive set of rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or reference purposes.
Writing or speech judged with regard to such a set of rules.
The basic principles of an area of knowledge: the grammar of music.
A book dealing with such principles.
A book containing the morphologic, syntactic, and semantic rules for a specific language.
The basic principles of an area of knowledge: the grammar of music.
A book dealing with such principles.
[Middle English gramere, from Old French gramaire, alteration of Latin grammatica, from Greek grammatikē, from feminine of grammatikos, of letters, from gramma, grammat-, letter; see gerbh- in Indo-European roots.]
1176, gramarye, from O.Fr. grammaire "learning," especially Latin and philology, from L. grammatica, from Gk. grammatike tekhne "art of letters," with a sense of both philology and literature in the broadest sense, from gramma "letter," from stem of graphein "to draw or write." Restriction to "rules of language" is a post-classical development, but as this type of study was until 16c. limited to Latin, M.E. gramarye also came to mean "learning in general, knowledge peculiar to the learned classes" (c.1320), which included astrology and magic; hence the secondary meaning of "occult knowledge" (c.1470), which evolved in Scottish into glamour (q.v.). A grammar school (1387) was originally "a school in which the learned languages are grammatically taught" [Johnson, who also has grammaticaster "a mean verbal pedant"]. In U.S. (1860) the term was put to use in the graded system for "a school between primary and secondary, where English grammar is taught."
grammar A formal definition of the syntactic structure of a language (see syntax), normally given in terms of production rules which specify the order of constituents and their sub-constituents in a sentence (a well-formed string in the language). Each rule has a left-hand side symbol naming a syntactic category (e.g. "noun-phrase" for a natural language grammar) and a right-hand side which is a sequence of zero or more symbols. Each symbol may be either a terminal symbol or a non-terminal symbol. A terminal symbol corresponds to one "lexeme" - a part of the sentence with no internal syntactic structure (e.g. an identifier or an operator in a computer language). A non-terminal symbol is the left-hand side of some rule. One rule is normally designated as the top-level rule which gives the structure for a whole sentence. A grammar can be used either to parse a sentence (see parser) or to generate one. Parsing assigns a terminal syntactic category to each input token and a non-terminal category to each appropriate group of tokens, up to the level of the whole sentence. Parsing is usually preceded by lexical analysis. Generation starts from the top-level rule and chooses one alternative production wherever there is a choice. See also BNF, yacc, attribute grammar, grammar analysis.
Gram"mar\, n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr ?, fem. of ? skilled in grammar, fr. ? letter. See Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.]1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing. Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. --Bain. 2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar. The original bad grammar and bad spelling. --Macaulay. 3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing. 4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States. When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. --Mass. Records (1647). (b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.
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(téchné) grammatical (art); see -ar2
