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Gre·go·ri·an

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n, -gohr-] Pronunciation Key

–adjective

of or pertaining to any of the popes named Gregory, esp. Gregory I or Gregory XIII.

[Origin: 1590–1600; < NL gregoriānus of, pertaining to Pope Gregory, equiv. to LL Gregori(us) + L -ānus -an

]

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Gregorian

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Gregorian

lit. "pertaining to Gregory," from L.L. Gregorianus, 1653 in reference to music, from Gregory I (pope from 590-600), who traditionally codified it; 1642 in reference to new calendar (introduced 1582) from Pope Gregory XIII.

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gregorian
adjective
1.	of or relating to Pope Gregory I or to the plainsong chants of the Roman Catholic Church
2.	of or relating to Pope Gregory XIII or the calendar he introduced in 1582

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Gregorian

Cal"en*dar\, n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.]

1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.

2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.

3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.

Note: Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. --Bacon.

Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month.

Calendar month. See under Month.

French Republican calendar. See under Vend['e]miaire.

Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.

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Gregorian

Chant\, n.[F. chant, fr. L. cantus singing, song, fr. canere to sing. See Chant, v. t.]

1. Song; melody.

2. (Mus.) A short and simple melody, divided into two parts by double bars, to which unmetrical psalms, etc., are sung or recited. It is the most ancient form of choral music.

3. A psalm, etc., arranged for chanting.

4. Twang; manner of speaking; a canting tone. [R.]

His strange face, his strange chant. --Macaulay.

Ambrosian chant, See under Ambrosian.

Chant royal [F.], in old French poetry, a poem containing five strophes of eleven lines each, and a concluding stanza. -- each of these six parts ending with a common refrain.

Gregorian chant. See under Gregorian.

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Gregorian

Church" modes`\ (Mus.) The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See Gregorian.

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Gregorian

Gre*go"ri*an\, a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. ?: cf. F. gr['e]gorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name.

Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below).

Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century.

Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc.

Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it.

Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.

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Gregorian

Tel"e*scope\, n. [Gr. ? viewing afar, farseeing; ? far, far off + ? a watcher, akin to ? to view: cf. F. t['e]lescope. See Telegraph, and -scope.] An optical instrument used in viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies.

Note: A telescope assists the eye chiefly in two ways; first, by enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and thus magnifying that object; and, secondly, by collecting, and conveying to the eye, a larger beam of light than would enter the naked organ, thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would otherwise be indistinct and or invisible. Its essential parts are the object glass, or concave mirror, which collects the beam of light, and forms an image of the object, and the eyeglass, which is a microscope, by which the image is magnified.

Achromatic telescope. See under Achromatic.

Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece.

Astronomical telescope, a telescope which has a simple eyepiece so constructed or used as not to reverse the image formed by the object glass, and consequently exhibits objects inverted, which is not a hindrance in astronomical observations.

Cassegrainian telescope, a reflecting telescope invented by Cassegrain, which differs from the Gregorian only in having the secondary speculum convex instead of concave, and placed nearer the large speculum. The Cassegrainian represents objects inverted; the Gregorian, in their natural position. The Melbourne telescope (see Illust. under Reflecting telescope, below) is a Cassegrainian telescope.

Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic.

Equatorial telescope. See the Note under Equatorial.

Galilean telescope, a refracting telescope in which the eyeglass is a concave instead of a convex lens, as in the common opera glass. This was the construction originally adopted by Galileo, the inventor of the instrument. It exhibits the objects erect, that is, in their natural positions.

Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Gregorian.

Herschelian telescope, a reflecting telescope of the form invented by Sir William Herschel, in which only one speculum is employed, by means of which an image of the object is formed near one side of the open end of the tube, and to this the eyeglass is applied directly.

Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Newtonian.

Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make photographs of the heavenly bodies.

Prism telescope. See Teinoscope.

Reflecting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by a speculum or mirror (or usually by two speculums, a large one at the lower end of the telescope, and the smaller one near the open end) instead of an object glass. See Gregorian, Cassegrainian, Herschelian, & Newtonian, telescopes, above.

Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by refraction through an object glass.

Telescope carp (Zo["o]l.), the telescope fish.

Telescope fish (Zo["o]l.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish having very protuberant eyes.

Telescope fly (Zo["o]l.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis, native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for having the eyes raised on very long stalks.

Telescope shell (Zo["o]l.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls.

Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight.

Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the image, and exhibiting objects erect.

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Gregorian

Achromatic telescope. See under Achromatic.

Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece.

Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic.

Equatorial telescope. See the Note under Equatorial.

Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Gregorian.

Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Newtonian.

Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make photographs of the heavenly bodies.

Prism telescope. See Teinoscope.

Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by refraction through an object glass.

Telescope carp (Zo["o]l.), the telescope fish.

Telescope fish (Zo["o]l.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish having very protuberant eyes.

Telescope fly (Zo["o]l.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis, native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for having the eyes raised on very long stalks.

Telescope shell (Zo["o]l.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls.

Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight.

Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the image, and exhibiting objects erect.

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Gregorian

Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [yogh]er, AS. ge['a]r; akin to OFries. i?r, g?r, D. jaar, OHG. j[=a]r, G. jahr, Icel. [=a]r, Dan. aar, Sw. [*a]r, Goth. j?r, Gr. ? a season of the year, springtime, a part of the day, an hour, ? a year, Zend y[=a]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]

1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile).

Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer.

Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak.

Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.

A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month.

Bissextile year. See Bissextile.

Canicular year. See under Canicular.

Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time.

Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days.

Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year.

Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days.

Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another.

Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic.

Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian.

Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary.

Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.

Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar.

Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above.

Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical.

Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds.

Tropical year. See under Tropical.

Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. --Abbott.

Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d.

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