| Ivan IV | |
| —n | |
| known as Ivan the Terrible. 1530--84, grand duke of Muscovy (1533--47) and first tsar of Russia (1547--84). He conquered Kazan (1552), Astrakhan (1556), and Siberia (1581), but was defeated by Poland in the Livonian War (1558--82) after which his rule became increasingly oppressive | |