a public officer authorized to hear and decide cases in a court of law; a magistrate charged with the administration of justice.
2.
a person appointed to decide in any competition, contest, or matter at issue; authorized arbiter: the judges of a beauty contest.
3.
a person qualified to pass a critical judgment: a good judge of horses.
4.
an administrative head of Israel in the period between the death of Joshua and the accession to the throne by Saul.
5.
(esp. in rural areas) a county official with supervisory duties, often employed part-time or on an honorary basis.
–verb (used with object)
6.
to pass legal judgment on; pass sentence on (a person): The court judged him guilty.
7.
to hear evidence or legal arguments in (a case) in order to pass judgment; adjudicate; try: The Supreme Court is judging that case.
8.
to form a judgment or opinion of; decide upon critically: You can't judge a book by its cover.
9.
to decide or settle authoritatively; adjudge: The censor judged the book obscene and forbade its sale.
10.
to infer, think, or hold as an opinion; conclude about or assess: He judged her to be correct.
11.
to make a careful guess about; estimate: We judged the distance to be about four miles.
12.
(of the ancient Hebrew judges) to govern.
–verb (used without object)
13.
to act as a judge; pass judgment: No one would judge between us.
14.
to form an opinion or estimate: I have heard the evidence and will judge accordingly.
15.
to make a mental judgment.
[Origin: 1175–1225; (v.) ME jugen < AF juger, OF jugier < L jūdicāre to judge, equiv. to jūdic- (s. of jūdex) a judge + -āre inf. suffix; (n.) ME juge < OF < L jūdicem, acc. of jūdex]
—Related forms
judge·a·ble, adjective
judger, noun
judgeless, adjective
judgelike, adjective
judgeship, noun
judg·ing·ly, adverb
—Synonyms 1. justice. 2. arbitrator. Judge,referee,umpire refer to one who is entrusted with decisions affecting others. Judge, in its legal and other uses, implies particularly that one has qualifications and authority for giving decisions in matters at issue: a judge appointed to the Supreme Court; a judge in the pie competition. A referee usually examines and reports on the merits of a case as an aid to a court. An umpire gives the final ruling when arbitrators of a case disagree. 3. connoisseur, critic. 10. determine, consider, regard. 13. adjudge, adjudicate.
To form an opinion or estimation of after careful consideration: judge heights; judging character.
Law To hear and decide on in a court of law; try: judge a case.
Obsolete To pass sentence on; condemn.
To act as one appointed to decide the winners of: judge an essay contest.
To determine or declare after consideration or deliberation.
Informal To have as an opinion or assumption; suppose: I judge you're right.
Bible To govern; rule. Used of an ancient Israelite leader.
v.
intr.
To form an opinion or evaluation.
To act or decide as a judge.
n.
One who judges, especially:
One who makes estimates as to worth, quality, or fitness: a good judge of used cars; a poor judge of character.
Abbr. J.Law A public official who hears and decides cases brought before a court of law.
Law A bankruptcy referee.
One appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition.
A leader of the Israelites during a period of about 400 years between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul.
Judges(used with a sing. verb) Abbr. Judg. or Jgs or Jg See Table at Bible.
Bible
A leader of the Israelites during a period of about 400 years between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul.
Judges(used with a sing. verb) Abbr. Judg. or Jgs or Jg See Table at Bible.
[Middle English jugen, from Anglo-Norman juger, from Latin iūdicāre, from iūdex, iūdic-, judge; see deik- in Indo-European roots.]
Synonyms: These nouns denote persons who make decisions that determine or settle points at issue. A judge is one capable of making rational, dispassionate, and wise decisions: In this case, the jury members are the judges of the truth.
An arbitrator is either appointed or derives authority from the consent of the disputants: An experienced arbitrator mediated the contract dispute.
An arbiter is one whose opinion or judgment is recognized as being unassailable or binding: The critic considered himself an arbiter of fine literature.
A referee is an attorney appointed by a court to investigate and report on a case: The referee handled many bankruptcy cases each month.
An umpire is a person appointed to settle an issue that arbitrators are unable to resolve: The umpire studied complex tax cases.
In sports referee and umpire refer to officials who enforce the rules and settle points at issue.
1225, "to form an opinion about," from Anglo-Fr. juger, from O.Fr. jugier "to judge," from L. judicare "to judge," from judicem (nom. judex) "to judge," a compound of jus "right, law" + root of dicere "to say" (see diction). The O.E. word was deman (see doom). Meaning "to try and pronounce sentence upon (someone) in a court" is from c.1290. The noun is from 1303. In Hebrew history, it refers to a war leader vested with temporary power (e.g. Book of Judges), from L. judex being used to translate Heb. shophet.
a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice
2.
an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality [syn: evaluator]
verb
1.
determine the result of (a competition)
2.
form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" [syn: evaluate]
3.
judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" [syn: estimate]
4.
pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here" [syn: pronounce]
5.
put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; "The judge tried both father and son in separate trials"
to hear and try (cases) in a court of law Example: Who will be judging this murder case?
Arabic:
يَقْضي، يُصْدِرُ حُكْماً
Chinese (Simplified):
审理,判决
Chinese (Traditional):
審理, 判決
Czech:
soudit
Danish:
dømme
Dutch:
rechtspreken
Estonian:
kohut mõistma
Finnish:
antaa tuomio
French:
juger
German:
Recht sprechen
Greek:
δικάζω
Hungarian:
tárgyal
Icelandic:
dæma
Indonesian:
mengadili
Italian:
giudicare
Japanese:
裁判する
Korean:
재판하다
Latvian:
tiesāt
Lithuanian:
teisti, spręsti
Norwegian:
dømme
Polish:
sądzić
Portuguese (Brazil):
julgar
Portuguese (Portugal):
julgar
Romanian:
a judeca
Russian:
судить
Slovak:
súdiť
Slovenian:
soditi
Spanish:
juzgar
Swedish:
döma, vara domare
Turkish:
yargılamak, muhakeme etmek
judge2[dʒadʒ]verb
to decide which is the best in a competition etc Example: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?
Arabic:
يَقومُ بالتَّحْكيم
Chinese (Simplified):
裁判
Chinese (Traditional):
裁判
Czech:
posuzovat
Danish:
afgøre; bedømme
Dutch:
in de jury zitten
Estonian:
žüriiliige olema
Finnish:
toimia arvostelutuomarina
French:
être juge (à)
German:
entscheiden
Greek:
κρίνω, παίρνω αποφάσεις ως κριτής
Hungarian:
bíráskodik
Icelandic:
dæma, úrskurða
Indonesian:
menjadi juri
Italian:
giudicare, fare da giudice*
Japanese:
審査員となる
Korean:
심판하다
Latvian:
vērtēt (sacensībās)
Lithuanian:
teisėjauti
Norwegian:
dømme
Polish:
sędziować
Portuguese (Brazil):
arbitrar
Portuguese (Portugal):
julgar
Romanian:
a arbitra
Russian:
судить
Slovak:
rozhodovať
Slovenian:
ocenjevati
Spanish:
hacer de jurado
Swedish:
döma, vara domare
Turkish:
hakemlik yapmak, *etmek
judge3[dʒadʒ]verb
to consider and form an idea of; to estimate Example: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.
Arabic:
يُكَوِّنُ رأيا، يُقَدِّر
Chinese (Simplified):
判断
Chinese (Traditional):
判斷
Czech:
hodnotit; odhadovat
Danish:
bedømme; afgøre
Dutch:
berekenen
Estonian:
hindama
Finnish:
arvioida
French:
juger, apprécier
German:
beurteilen
Greek:
κρίνω, υπολογίζω
Hungarian:
megítél; felbecsül
Icelandic:
dæma, meta
Indonesian:
menilai
Italian:
giudicare; stimare
Japanese:
判断する
Korean:
판단하다
Latvian:
spriest; vērtēt
Lithuanian:
spręsti, įvertinti
Norwegian:
bedømme
Polish:
oceniać
Portuguese (Brazil):
julgar
Portuguese (Portugal):
julgar
Romanian:
a aprecia, a evalua
Russian:
судить; оценивать
Slovak:
hodnotiť; odhadnúť
Slovenian:
presoditi
Spanish:
juzgar
Swedish:
döma, bedöma, avgöra
Turkish:
karar vermek
judge4[dʒadʒ]verb
to criticize for doing wrong Example: We have no right to judge him — we might have done the same thing ourselves.
Arabic:
يُبْدي رَأياً في، يَحْكُمُ على
Chinese (Simplified):
批评
Chinese (Traditional):
批評
Czech:
odsuzovat
Danish:
dømme
Dutch:
veroordelen
Estonian:
hukka mõistma
Finnish:
tuomita
French:
juger
German:
verurteilen
Greek:
επικρίνω
Hungarian:
elítél
Icelandic:
dæma, gagnrÿna
Indonesian:
mencela
Italian:
giudicare
Japanese:
批判する
Korean:
비판하다, 비난하다
Latvian:
tiesāt
Lithuanian:
smerkti
Norwegian:
dømme
Polish:
osądzać
Portuguese (Brazil):
julgar
Portuguese (Portugal):
julgar
Romanian:
a critica, a dezaproba
Russian:
осуждать
Slovak:
posudzovať, súdiť
Slovenian:
obsojati
Spanish:
juzgar
Swedish:
döma
Turkish:
eleştirmek, yargılamak
judge1[dʒadʒ]noun
a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court Example: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.
Arabic:
قاضٍ
Chinese (Simplified):
审判员, 法官
Chinese (Traditional):
審判員, 法官
Czech:
soudce, -kyně
Danish:
dommer
Dutch:
rechter
Estonian:
kohtunik
Finnish:
tuomari
French:
juge
German:
der Richter
Greek:
δικαστής
Hungarian:
bíró
Icelandic:
dómari
Indonesian:
hakim
Italian:
giudice
Japanese:
裁判官
Korean:
재판관
Latvian:
tiesnesis
Lithuanian:
teisėjas
Norwegian:
dommer
Polish:
sędzia
Portuguese (Brazil):
juiz
Portuguese (Portugal):
juiz
Romanian:
judecător
Russian:
судья
Slovak:
sudca, -kyňa
Slovenian:
sodnik
Spanish:
juez
Swedish:
domare
Turkish:
hâkim, yargıç
judge2[dʒadʒ]noun
a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc Example: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.
Arabic:
حَكَم في مُباراه
Chinese (Simplified):
裁判员
Chinese (Traditional):
裁判員
Czech:
rozhodčí
Danish:
dommer
Dutch:
jurylid
Estonian:
žüriiliige
Finnish:
arvostelutuomari
French:
juge
German:
der, *die Schiedsrichter(in)
Greek:
κριτής (π.χ. σε διαγωνισμό)
Hungarian:
(verseny)bíró
Icelandic:
dómari
Indonesian:
juri
Italian:
arbitro, giudice
Japanese:
審査員
Korean:
심판
Latvian:
arbitrs; eksperts
Lithuanian:
teisėjas
Norwegian:
dommer
Polish:
sędzia
Portuguese (Brazil):
árbitro
Portuguese (Portugal):
juiz
Russian:
арбитр
Slovak:
rozhodca
Slovenian:
razsodnik
Spanish:
jurado
Swedish:
domare
Turkish:
hakem
judge3[dʒadʒ]noun
a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is Example: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.
Main Entry: 1judge Pronunciation: 'j&j Function: verb Inflected Forms: judged; judg·ing Etymology: Old French jugier, from
Latin judicare, from judic-judex judge, from jus right, law + dicere to decide, say transitive verb 1: to hear and decide (as a litigated
question) in a court of justice <judge a case> 2: to pronounce after inquiry and deliberation <he was judged incompetent> intransitive verb : to make
a determination :DECIDE <judge between two accounts>
Main Entry: 2judge Function: noun : a public official vested with the authority to hear, determine, and preside over legal matters brought in court; also: one (as a justice of the peace) who performs one or more functions of such an official
Ab*ju"di*cate\, v. t. [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab + judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] --Ash.
Ad*judge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging.] [OE. ajugen, OF. ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad + judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf. Adjudicate.]1. To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was adjudged to the victor. 2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the November term. 3. To sentence; to condemn. Without reprieve, adjudged to death For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth. --Milton. 4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem. He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. --Knolles. Syn: To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.
Ad"vo*cate\, n. [OE. avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr. L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee, Avowee, Vocal.]1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor. Note: In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law. 2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth. 3. Christ, considered as an intercessor. We have an Advocate with the Father. --1 John ii. 1. Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the Scottish bar in Edinburgh. Lord advocate (Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer. Judge advocate. See under Judge.
Ar"bi*tra`tor\, n. [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration. 2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. --Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. --Addison. Syn: Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.
Dic"tion\, n. [L. dicto a saying, a word, fr. dicere, dictum, to say; akin to dicare to proclaim, and to E. teach, token: cf. F. diction. See Teach, and cf. Benison, Dedicate, Index, Judge, Preach, Vengeance.] Choice of words for the expression of ideas; the construction, disposition, and application of words in discourse, with regard to clearness, accuracy, variety, etc.; mode of expression; language; as, the diction of Chaucer's poems. His diction blazes up into a sudden explosion of prophetic grandeur. --De Quincey. Syn: Diction, Style, Phraseology. Usage: Style relates both to language and thought; diction, to language only; phraseology, to the mechanical structure of sentences, or the mode in which they are phrased. The style of Burke was enriched with all the higher graces of composition; his diction was varied and copious; his phraseology, at times, was careless and cumbersome. "Diction is a general term applicable alike to a single sentence or a connected composition. Errors in grammar, false construction, a confused disposition of words, or an improper application of them, constitute bad diction; but the niceties, the elegancies, the peculiarities, and the beauties of composition, which mark the genius and talent of the writer, are what is comprehended under the name of style." --Crabb.
Judge\, n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. --Bacon. 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. --Dryden. 3. A person appointed to decide in a?trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race. 4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial. Syn: Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
Judge\, n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. --Bacon. 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. --Dryden. 3. A person appointed to decide in a?trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race. 4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial. Syn: Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
Judge\, n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See Judge, v. i.]1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. --Bacon. 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. --Dryden. 3. A person appointed to decide in a?trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race. 4. (Jewish Hist.) One of supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. Judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial. Syn: Judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee. Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
Judge\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged; p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. The Lord judge between thee and me. --Gen. xvi. 5. Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! --Milton. 2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3. Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. --Shak. 3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. Judge not according to the appearance. --John vii. 24. She is wise if I can judge of her. --Shak.
Judge\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged; p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.]1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. The Lord judge between thee and me. --Gen. xvi. 5. Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! --Milton. 2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See Judge, v. t., 3. Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. --Shak. 3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. Judge not according to the appearance. --John vii. 24. She is wise if I can judge of her. --Shak.
Judge\, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife." --Milton. 2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. --Eccl. iii. 7. To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. --Shak. 3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. Judge not, that ye be not judged. --Matt. vii. 1. 4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. --Acts xvi. 15. 5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.] Make us a king to judge us. --1 Sam. viii. 5.
Judg"ment\, n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See Judge, v. i.]1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of thins, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence. I oughte deme, of skilful jugement, That in the salte sea my wife is deed. --Chaucer. 2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment. He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment. --Ps. lxxii. 2. Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes. Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look. --Shak. 3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision. She in my judgment was as fair as you. --Shak. Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. --Pope. 4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all. In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own. --Jer. Taylor. Most heartily I do beseech the court To give the judgment. --Shak. 5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2. A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another. --Sir W. Hamilton. The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment. --Stewart. 6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. "Judgments are prepared for scorners." --Prov. xix. 29. "This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble." --Shak. 7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence. Note: Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement. Note: Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne. Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. Judgment hall, a hall where courts are held. Judgment seat, the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. "We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." --Rom. xiv. 10. Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment. Arrest of judgment. (Law) See under Arrest, n. Judgment of God, a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under Ordeal. Syn: Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See Taste.
Ju*di"cial\, a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See Judge.]1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. "Judicial massacres." --Macaulay. Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. --Milton. 2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind. 3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See Executive. 4. Judicious. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.
Just\, a. [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury, Judge, Jury, Giusto.]1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons and things. "O just but severe law!" --Shak. There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. -- Eccl. vii. 20. Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. -- Lev. xix. 36. How should man be just with God? -- Job ix. 2. We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. -- Shak. 2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just inference. Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. -- Pope. The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship To meet his grace just distance 'tween our armies. -- Shak. He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. --Bacon. Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. -- Jer. Taylor. When all The war shall stand ranged in its just array. -- Addison. Their named alone would make a just volume. -- Burton. 3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge. Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves. --Tillotson. Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament. --H. W. Poole. Syn: Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.
Pre*ju"di*cate\, a. [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.]1. Formed before due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate opinions." --Jer. Taylor. 2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate readers." --Sir T. Browne.
Ref`er*ee"\ (-?), n. One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it. Syn: Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge.
Um"pire\, n. [OE. nompere, nounpere (also impier, fr. F. impair uneven), fr. OF. nomper uneven, F. non-pair; hence the meaning, uneven, i. e., third person; non not + OF. per even, equal, peer, F. pair; cf. L. impar uneven, unequal. See Non-, and Peer, n.]1. A person to whose sole decision a controversy or question between parties is referred; especially, one chosen to see that the rules of a game, as cricket, baseball, or the like, are strictly observed. A man, in questions of this kind, is able to be a skillful umpire between himself and others. --Barrow. 2. (Law) A third person, who is to decide a controversy or question submitted to arbitrators in case of their disagreement. --Blackstone. Syn: Judge; arbitrator; referee. See Judge.
(Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul (Judg. 2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. "The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim (Num. 27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they bore no external marks of dignity. The only cases of direct divine appointment are those of Gideon and Samson, and the latter stood in the peculiar position of having been from before his birth ordained 'to begin to deliver Israel.' Deborah was called to deliver Israel, but was already a judge. Samuel was called by the Lord to be a prophet but not a judge, which ensued from the high gifts the people recognized as dwelling in him; and as to Eli, the office of judge seems to have devolved naturally or rather ex officio upon him." Of five of the judges, Tola (Judg. 10:1), Jair (3), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15), we have no record at all beyond the bare fact that they were judges. Sacred history is not the history of individuals but of the kingdom of God in its onward progress. In Ex. 2:14 Moses is so styled. This fact may indicate that while for revenue purposes the "taskmasters" were over the people, they were yet, just as at a later time when under the Romans, governed by their own rulers.
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