the branch of archaeology that deals with the apparent use by prehistoric civilizations of astronomical techniques to establish the seasons or the cycle of the year, esp. as evidenced in the construction of megaliths and other ritual structures.
ar·chae·o·as·tron·o·my (är'kē-ō-ə-strŏn'ə-mē) n. The study of the knowledge, interpretations, and practices of ancient cultures regarding celestial objects or phenomena. ar'chae·o·as·tron'o·mer n., ar'chae·o·as'tro·nom'i·cal (-ās'trə-nŏm'ĭ-kəl) adj.