| 1. | collectively, the very robust, regionally differentiated human populations that lived in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa from 35,000 to 200,000 years ago. |
| 2. | any physically robust, premodern form of the genus Homo, including Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (Neanderthal man) or Homo erectus, and their intermediate forms and regional variants. |