A fundamental principle in population genetics stating that the genotype frequencies and gene frequencies of a large, randomly mating population remain constant provided immigration, mutation, and selection do not take place. In the simple case of a chromosome locus with two alleles, A and a, with frequencies p and q respectively, the frequency of the homozygotic genotype AA under random mating will be p2, of heterozygotic Aa will be 2pq, and of homozygotic aa will be q2. The law is named for its formulators, British mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy (1877-1947) and German physician Wilhelm Weinberg (1862-1937).

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