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bone up

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bone

  [bohn] noun, verb, boned, bon⋅ing, adverb
Use bone up in a Sentence
–noun
1. Anatomy, Zoology.
a. one of the structures composing the skeleton of a vertebrate.
b. the hard connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of a collagen-rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals.
2. such a structure from an edible animal, usually with meat adhering to it, as an article of food: Pea soup should be made with a ham bone.
3. any of various similarly hard or structural animal substances, as ivory or whalebone.
4. something made of or resembling such a substance.
5. a small concession, intended to pacify or quiet; a conciliatory bribe or gift: The administration threw the student protesters a couple of bones, but refused to make any basic changes in the curriculum or requirements.
6. bones,
a. the skeleton.
b. a body: Let his bones rest in peace.
c. Games Slang. dice.
d. (initial capital letter) Mr. Bones.
e. a simple rhythm instrument consisting of two sometimes curved bars or short strips of bone, ivory, wood, or the like, held between the fingers of one hand and clacked together.
7. the color of bone; ivory or off-white.
8. a flat strip of whalebone or other material for stiffening corsets, petticoats, etc.; stay.
9. Games Slang. a domino.
–verb (used with object)
10. to remove the bones from: to bone a turkey.
11. to put whalebone or another stiffener into (clothing).
12. Agriculture. to put bone meal into (feed, fertilizer, etc.).
–adverb
13. completely; absolutely: bone tired.
—Idioms
14. bone up, Informal. to study intensely; cram: We're going to have to bone up for the exam.
15. feel in one's bones, to think or feel intuitively: She felt in her bones that it was going to be a momentous day.
16. have a bone to pick with someone, to have cause to disagree or argue with someone: The teacher had a bone to pick with him because his homework paper was identical with his neighbor's.
17. make no bones about,
a. to deal with in a direct manner; act or speak openly: He makes no bones about his dislike of modern music.
b. to have no fear of or objection to.
18. to the bone,
a. to the essentials; to the minimum: The government cut social service programs to the bone.
b. to an extreme degree; thoroughly: chilled to the bone.
Origin:
bef. 900; ME bo(o)n, OE bān; c. OFris, OS bēn, D been bone, ON bein bone, leg, G Bein leg (-bein bone, in compounds); < Gmc *bainan (neut.), prob. orig. ptp. (cf. OIr benaid (he) hews), meaning “lopped off,” from butchering of animals; orig. in phrase *bainan astan lopped-off bone or branch (hence, “leg,” as a branch of the body); r. *astan bone < IE *Host- (> L os(s), Albanian asht, Avestan ast-, Hittite hast-ai), which fell together in Gmc with *astaz branch (> G Ast) < IE *osdos (> Gk ózos, Armenian ost)
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
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bone   (bōn)   
n.  

    1. The dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component.

    2. Any of numerous anatomically distinct structures making up the skeleton of a vertebrate animal. There are more than 200 different bones in the human body.

    3. A piece of bone.

    4. The skeleton.

    5. The body.

    6. Mortal remains.

    7. A piece of whalebone or similar material used as a corset stay.

    8. bones Informal Dice.

    9. bones Flat clappers made of bone or wood originally used by the end man in a minstrel show.

    10. Bones (used with a sing. verb) The end man in a minstrel show.

  2. bones

    1. The skeleton.

    2. The body.

    3. Mortal remains.

    4. A piece of whalebone or similar material used as a corset stay.

    5. bones Informal Dice.

    6. bones Flat clappers made of bone or wood originally used by the end man in a minstrel show.

    7. Bones (used with a sing. verb) The end man in a minstrel show.

  3. An animal structure or material, such as ivory, resembling bone.

  4. Something made of bone or of material resembling bone, especially:

    1. A piece of whalebone or similar material used as a corset stay.

    2. bones Informal Dice.

    3. bones Flat clappers made of bone or wood originally used by the end man in a minstrel show.

    4. Bones (used with a sing. verb) The end man in a minstrel show.

  5. bones The fundamental plan or design, as of the plot of a book.

    1. bones Flat clappers made of bone or wood originally used by the end man in a minstrel show.

    2. Bones (used with a sing. verb) The end man in a minstrel show.

tr.v.   boned, bon·ing, bones

  1. To remove the bones from.

  2. To stiffen (a piece of clothing) with stays, as of whalebone.

Phrasal Verb(s):
bone upInformal To study intensely, usually at the last minute: boned up for the final exam.

Idiom(s):
bone of contentionThe subject of a dispute.

Idiom(s):
bone to pickGrounds for a complaint or dispute.

[Middle English bon, from Old English bān.]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Slang Dictionary
bone

  1. n.
    a trombone. (Musicians. See also bones.) : She plays the bone like nobody's business.

  2. Go to boner. :
Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions by Richard A. Spears.Fourth Edition.
Copyright 2007. Published by McGraw Hill.
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Word Origin & History

bone 
O.E. ban, from P.Gmc. *bainam (cf. O.N. bein, Dan. ben, Ger. Bein). No cognates outside Gmc. (the common PIE root is *ost-); the O.N., Du., and Ger. cognates also mean "shank of the leg," and this is the main sense in Mod.Ger., but Eng. never seems to have had this sense. To make bones about (1459) refers to bones found in soup, etc., as an obstacle to being swallowed. To bone up "study" is 1880s student slang, from "Bohn's Classical Library," a popular series in higher education. To feel something in one's bones "have a presentiment" is c.1880, Amer.Eng.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Medical Dictionary

Main Entry: bone
Pronunciation: 'bOn
Function: noun
often attributive 1 : one of the hard parts of the skeleton of a vertebrate bone> bones of the arm>
2 : any of various hard animal substances or structures (as baleen or ivory) akin to or resembling bone
3 : the hard largely calcareous connective tissue of which the adult skeleton of most vertebrates is chiefly composed bone> bone> —compare CARTILAGE 1
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
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Medical Dictionary

bone (bōn)
n.

  1. The dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates, consisting of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component.

  2. Any of the more than 200 anatomically distinct structures making up the human skeleton.

  3. A piece of bone.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Science Dictionary
bone   (bōn)  Pronunciation Key 

  1. The hard, dense, calcified tissue that forms the skeleton of most vertebrates, consisting of a matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral salts. There are two main types of bone structure: compact, which is solid and hard, and cancellous, which is spongy in appearance. Bone serves as a framework for the attachment of muscles and protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. See more at osteoblast, osteocyte.

  2. Any of the structures made of bone that constitute a skeleton, such as the femur. The human skeleton consists of 206 bones.


The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
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Idioms & Phrases

bone up

Study intensely, as in I'll have to bone up on my Spanish if I'm to pass the language requirement. The verb bone alone was used in this sense from the mid-1800s on, up being added later. [Slang; late 1800s]

The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer.
Copyright © 1997. Published by Houghton Mifflin.
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