Encyclopedia
cosmopolitanism
in Stoic philosophy, position taken by the Stoics against the traditional (Greek) distinction between Greeks and barbarians, made by applying to themselves the term cosmopolitans, thereby implying that their polis, or city-state, was the entire cosmos, or the whole world. Alexander the Great discouraged this distinction by allowing his generals to marry women native to the lands that they had conquered, but his policy met with resistance in the field and shock at home. The Stoics (from the 4th-3rd century BC) broke through the Greek assumption of their own racial and linguistic superiority and considered the new cosmopolitanism on a philosophical basis
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