1175, from O.Fr.
curt, from L.
cortem, acc. of
cors (earlier
cohors) "enclosed yard," and by extension (and perhaps by association with
curia "sovereign's assembly"), "those assembled in the yard; company, cohort," from
com- "together" + stem
hort- related to
hortus "garden, plot of ground" (see
yard (1)). The verb meaning "woo, offer homage" (as at court) is first recorded 1580. Sporting sense is from 1519, originally of tennis. Legal meaning is from 1292 (early assemblies for justice were overseen by the sovereign personally);
courthouse is from 1483.
Court-martial is first attested 1571; as a verb, 1859.
Courtier is from 1228;
courtly "having manners befitting a court" is from 1450.
Courtship "paying court to a woman with intention of marriage" is from 1596.