1641, "to unfold, open out, expand," from L.
evolvere "unroll," from
ex- "out" +
volvere "to roll" (see
vulva).
Evolution (1622), originally meant "unrolling of a book;" it first was used in the modern scientific sense 1832 by Scot. geologist Charles Lyell. Charles Darwin used the word only once, in the closing paragraph of
"The Origin of Species" (1859), and preferred
descent with modification, in part because
evolution already had been used in the 18c. homunculus theory of embryological development (first proposed under this name by Bonnet, 1762), in part because it carried a sense of "progress" not found in Darwin's idea. But Victorian belief in progress prevailed (along with brevity), and Herbert Spencer and other biologists popularized
evolution.