example

1. One that is representative of a group as a whole: the squirrel, an example of a rodent; introduced each new word with examples of its use.

2. One serving as a pattern of a specific kind: set a good example by arriving on time.

3. A similar case that constitutes a model or precedent: a unique episode, without example in maritime history.

4. 1. A punishment given as a warning or deterrent.

   2. One that has been given such a punishment: made an example of the offender.

5. A problem or exercise used to illustrate a principle or method.

Synonyms: These nouns refer to what is representative of or serves to explain a larger group or class. An example is a typically representative part that demonstrates the character of the whole: "Of the despotism to which unrestrained military power leads we have plenty of examples from Alexander to Mao" (Samuel Eliot Morison).
An instance is an example that is cited to prove or to illustrate a point: an instance of flagrant corruption.
A case is an action, an occurrence, or a condition that relates specifically to something being discussed, decided, or treated: a typical case of child neglect.
An illustration clarifies or explains: provided an illustration of the word in context.
A sample is an actual part of something larger, presented as evidence of the quality or nature of the whole: gave us a sample of her temper.
Specimen often denotes an individual, representative member of a group or class: This poem is a fair specimen of her work. See Also Synonyms at ideal.