linch·pin

[linch-pin]
noun
1.
a pin inserted through the end of an axletree to keep the wheel on.
2.
something that holds the various elements of a complicated structure together: The monarchy was the linchpin of the nation's traditions and society.
Also, lynchpin.


Origin:
1350–1400; unexplained alteration of Middle English lynspin, equivalent to lyns, Old English lynis axle-pin (cognate with German Lünse) + pin pin

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Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2013.
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World English Dictionary
linchpin or lynchpin (ˈlɪntʃˌpɪn) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
n
1.  a pin placed transversely through an axle to keep a wheel in position
2.  a person or thing regarded as an essential or coordinating element: the linchpin of the company
 
[C14 lynspin, from Old English lynis]
 
lynchpin or lynchpin
 
n
 
[C14 lynspin, from Old English lynis]

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
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00:10
Linchpin is always a great word to know.
So is zedonk. Does it mean:
a stew of meat, vegetables, potatoes, etc.
the offspring of a zebra and a donkey.
Etymonline
Word Origin & History

linchpin
late 14c., from M.E. lins "axletree" (from O.E. lynis, from P.Gmc. *luniso) + pin. The peg that holds a wheel on an axle; now mainly figurative.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Example sentences
When her husband was away, she became the family linchpin, providing everything
  from discipline to carpools.
The linchpin of the process of producing and disseminating scholarship is peer
  review.
The court indicated that the linchpin of this drug testing program is to
  protect the health of the students involved.
But the linchpin of the administration's effort is a broad push to support
  small businesses.
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