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lower

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California Lower
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low⋅er

1  [loh-er]
Use lower in a Sentence
–verb (used with object)
1. to cause to descend; let or put down: to lower a flag.
2. to make lower in height or level: to lower the water in a canal.
3. to reduce in amount, price, degree, force, etc.
4. to make less loud: Please lower your voice.
5. to bring down in rank or estimation; degrade; humble; abase (oneself), as by some sacrifice of self-respect or dignity: His bad actions lowered him in my eyes.
6. Music. to make lower in pitch; flatten.
7. Phonetics. to alter the articulation of (a vowel) by increasing the distance of the tongue downward from the palate: The vowel of “clerk” is lowered to (ä) in the British pronunciation.
–verb (used without object)
8. to become lower, grow less, or diminish, as in amount, intensity, or degree: The brook lowers in early summer. Stock prices rise and lower constantly.
9. to descend; sink: the sun lowering in the west.
–adjective
10. comparative of low 1 .
11. of or pertaining to those portions of a river farthest from the source.
12. (often initial capital letter) Stratigraphy. noting an early division of a period, system, or the like: the Lower Devonian.
–noun
13. a denture for the lower jaw.
14. a lower berth.
Origin:
1150–1200; ME, comp. of low 1 (adj.)

Related forms:
low⋅er⋅a⋅ble, adjective

Synonyms:
1. drop, depress. 3. decrease, diminish, lessen. 4. soften. 5. humiliate, dishonor, disgrace, debase.

Antonyms:
3. raise, increase. 5. elevate, honor.
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low⋅er

2  [lou-er, louuhr]
–verb (used without object)
1. to be dark and threatening, as the sky or the weather.
2. to frown, scowl, or look sullen; glower: He lowers at people when he's in a bad mood.
–noun
3. a dark, threatening appearance, as of the sky or weather.
4. a frown or scowl.
Also, lour.

Origin:
1250–1300; ME lour (n.), louren (v.) to frown, lurk; akin to G lauern, D loeren

Synonyms:
1. darken, threaten.

low

1  [loh] adjective, -er, -est, adverb, -er, -est, noun
–adjective
1. situated, placed, or occurring not far above the ground, floor, or base: a low shelf.
2. of small extent upward; not high or tall: A low wall surrounds the property.
3. not far above the horizon, as a planet: The moon was low in the sky.
4. lying or being below the general level: low ground.
5. designating or pertaining to regions near sea level, esp. near the sea: low countries.
6. bending or passing far downward; deep: a low bow.
7. (of a garment) low-necked; décolleté: The dress she wore was fashionably low.
8. rising but slightly from a surface: a low relief on a frieze.
9. of less than average or normal height or depth, as a liquid or stream: The river is low this time of year.
10. near the first of a series: a low number.
11. ranked near the beginning or bottom on some scale of measurement: a low income bracket.
12. indicating the bottom or the point farthest down: the low point in his creative life.
13. lacking in strength, energy, or vigor; feeble; weak: to feel low and listless.
14. providing little nourishment or strength, as a diet.
15. of small number, amount, degree, force, intensity, etc.: low visibility; a generator with a low output.
16. indicated or represented by a low number: A low latitude is one relatively near the equator.
17. soft: subdued; not loud: a low murmur.
18. Music. produced by relatively slow vibrations, as sounds; grave in pitch.
19. assigning or attributing little worth, value, excellence, or the like: a low estimate of a new book.
20. containing a relatively small amount: a diet low in starches.
21. nearing depletion; not adequately supplied: low on funds; Our stock of towels is low.
22. depressed or dejected: low spirits.
23. far down in the scale of rank or estimation; humble: of low birth.
24. of inferior quality or character: a low grade of fabric; a low type of intellect.
25. lacking in dignity or elevation, as of thought or expression.
26. mean, base, or disreputable: low tricks; low companions.
27. coarse or vulgar: entertainment of a low sort.
28. Boxing. struck or delivered below a contestant's belt.
29. Biology. having a relatively simple structure; not complex in organization.
30. Phonetics. (of a vowel) articulated with a relatively large opening above the tongue, as the vowels of hat, hut, hot, ought, etc. Compare high (def. 23).
31. Automotive. of, pertaining to, or operating at the gear transmission ratio at which the drive shaft moves at the lowest speed with relation to the speed of the engine crankshaft, used esp. for temporarily overcoming the weight or inertia of the vehicle; first: low gear.
32. Baseball. (of a pitched ball) passing the plate at a level below that of the batter's knees: a low curve.
33. Cards. having less value than other cards: a low card.
34. Metallurgy. having a relatively small amount of a specified constituent (usually used in combination): low-carbon steel.
35. Chiefly British. holding to Low Church principles and practices.
–adverb
36. in or to a low position, point, degree, etc.: The raiders crouched low in the bushes.
37. near the ground, floor, or base; not aloft: The plane flew low.
38. in or to a humble or abject state: Some live low while others live high. She swore she would bring him low.
39. in or to a condition of depletion, prostration, or death: The gas in the tank is running low.
40. at comparatively small cost; cheaply: to buy something low and sell it high.
41. at or to a low pitch, volume, intensity, etc.: to turn the radio low; lights turned down low.
42. in a low tone; softly; quietly; to speak low.
43. Archaic. far down in time; late.
–noun
44. something that is low, as ground or prices: numerous marshy lows in the forest; the recent low in the stock market.
45. Automotive. low gear; first gear.
46. Meteorology. an atmospheric low-pressure system; cyclone. Compare high (def. 37).
47. Cards.
a. the lowest trump card.
b. a card of small value, or of lower value than other cards.
c. the lowest score in a game.
d. a player having such a score.
48. a point of deepest decline, vulgarity, etc.: a new low in tastelessness.
49. Slang. a period of intense depression or discomfort, when the effects of a drug have subsided.
—Idioms
50. lay low,
a. to overpower or kill; defeat: to lay one's attackers low.
b. to knock down; make prostrate.
c. Informal. to lie low.
51. lie low,
a. to conceal oneself: He had to lie low for a while.
b. to do nothing until the right opportunity develops; bide one's time: Until the dispute is settled, you would do best to lie low.
Origin:
1125–75; ME lowe, lohe (adj. and n.), earlier lāh < ON lāgr (adj.); c. OFris lēge, lēch, D laag, OHG laege; akin to lie 2

Related forms:
lowish, adjective
lowness, noun

Synonyms:
13. exhausted, sinking, expiring, dying. 17. quiet. 18. deep. 22. dispirited, unhappy, sad. 23. lowly, meek, obscure. 26. ignoble, degraded, servile. 27. rude, crude. See mean 2 .

Antonyms:
1–3. high.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
Cite This Source Link To lower
low 1   (lō)   
adj.   low·er, low·est

    1. Having little relative height; not high or tall.

    2. Rising only slightly above surrounding surfaces.

    3. Situated or placed below normal height: a low lighting fixture.

    4. Situated below the surrounding surfaces: water standing in low spots.

    5. Dead and buried.

    6. Cut to show the wearer's neck and chest; décolleté: a low neckline.

    7. Lacking strength or vigor; weak.

    8. Lacking liveliness or good spirits; discouraged or dejected.

    9. Below average in degree, intensity, or amount: a low temperature.

    10. Below an average or a standard: low wages; a low level of communication.

    11. Ranked near the beginning of an ascending series or scale: a low number; a low grade of oil.

    12. Relating to or being latitudes nearest to the equator.

    13. Relatively small. Used of a cost, price, or other value: a low fee; a low income.

  2. Near or at the horizon: The sun is low in the sky.

  3. Close or closer to a reference point: was low in the offensive zone, near the goal.

  4. Linguistics Produced with part or all of the tongue depressed, as a, pronounced (ä), in father. Used of vowels.

  5. Of less than usual or average depth; shallow: The river is low.

  6. Humble in status or character; lowly: of low birth.

  7. Biology Of relatively simple structure in the scale of living organisms.

  8. Unrefined; coarse: low humor.

  9. Violating standards of morality or decency; base: a low stunt to pull. See Synonyms at mean2.

    1. Lacking strength or vigor; weak.

    2. Lacking liveliness or good spirits; discouraged or dejected.

    3. Below average in degree, intensity, or amount: a low temperature.

    4. Below an average or a standard: low wages; a low level of communication.

    5. Ranked near the beginning of an ascending series or scale: a low number; a low grade of oil.

    6. Relating to or being latitudes nearest to the equator.

    7. Relatively small. Used of a cost, price, or other value: a low fee; a low income.

    1. Below average in degree, intensity, or amount: a low temperature.

    2. Below an average or a standard: low wages; a low level of communication.

    3. Ranked near the beginning of an ascending series or scale: a low number; a low grade of oil.

    4. Relating to or being latitudes nearest to the equator.

    5. Relatively small. Used of a cost, price, or other value: a low fee; a low income.

  12. Having a pitch corresponding to a relatively small number of sound-wave cycles per second.

  13. Not loud; soft: a low murmur.

  14. Being near total depletion: My savings account is low.

  15. Not adequately provided or equipped; short: low on supplies.

  16. Depreciatory; disparaging: a low opinion of him.

  17. Brought down or reduced in health or wealth: in a low state.

  18. Of, relating to, or being the gear configuration or setting, as in an automotive transmission, that produces the least vehicular speed with respect to engine speed.

adv.  

    1. In or to a low position, level, or space: aimed low; bent low.

    2. In or to a low condition or rank; humbly: thought low of himself.

  2. In or to a reduced, humbled, or degraded condition: brought low by failure.

  3. Softly; quietly: speak low.

  4. With a deep pitch: sang low.

  5. At a small price: bought low and sold high.

n.  

  1. A low level, position, or degree: Rain collects in the lows. The stock market fell to a new low.

  2. Meteorology A region of atmospheric pressure that is below normal.

  3. The low gear configuration of a transmission.


[Middle English loue, from Old Norse lāgr; see legh- in Indo-European roots.]
low'ness n.
low·er 1   (lou'ər, lour)   
intr.v.   low·ered also loured, low·er·ing also lour·ing, low·ers also lours

  1. To look angry, sullen, or threatening. See Synonyms at frown.

  2. To appear dark or threatening, as the sky.

n.  

  1. A threatening, sullen, or angry look.

  2. A dark and ominous look: the lower of thunderheads.


[Middle English louren.]
low'er·ing·ly adv.
low·er 2   (lō'ər)   
adj.   Comparative of low2

  1. Below another in rank, position, or authority.

  2. Physically situated below a similar or comparable thing: a lower shelf.

  3. Lower Geology & Archaeology Relating to or being an earlier or older division of the period named.

  4. Biology Less advanced in organization or evolutionary development.

  5. Denoting the larger and usually more representative house of a bicameral legislature.

v.   low·ered, low·er·ing, low·ers

v.   tr.

  1. To let, bring, or move down to a lower level.

  2. To reduce in value, degree, or quality.

  3. To weaken; undermine: lower one's energy.

  4. To reduce in standing or respect.

v.   intr.

  1. To move down: Her hand lowered.

  2. To become less; diminish: The temperature has lowered gradually this month.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History

low  (v.)
O.E. hlowan "make a noise like a cow," from P.Gmc. *khlo- (cf. M.Du. loeyen, O.H.G. hluojen), from onomatopoeic PIE base *kla- (see claim).

lower  (v.1)
"to cause to descend," 1606, from lower (adj.), from M.E. lahghere (c.1200), comp. of low (adj.).

lower  (v.2)
(also lour), M.E. louren, luren "to frown, lurk," from O.E. *luran or from its cognates, M.L.G. luren, M.Du. loeren "lie in wait."
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Medical Dictionary

Main Entry: low
Pronunciation: 'lO
Function: adjective
Inflected Form: low·er /'lO(-&)r/; low·est /'lO-&st/
: having a relatively less complex organization : not greatly differentiated or developed phylogenetically —usually used in the comparative degree of less advanced types ofplants and animals lower vertebrates> lower eukaryotes —Malcolm Potts etal>; —compare HIGH 1

Main Entry: lower
Function: noun
: the lower member of a pair; especially : a lower denture
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
Cite This Source
Science Dictionary
lower   (lō'ər)  Pronunciation Key 
Being an earlier division of the geological or archaeological period named. Compare upper.
The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002. Published by Houghton Mifflin. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
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