ne·o·con·ser·va·tism also ne·o-con·ser·va·tism (nē'ō-kən-sûr'və-tĭz'əm) n. An intellectual and political movement in favor of political, economic, and social conservatism that arose in opposition to the perceived liberalism of the 1960s: "The neo-conservatism of the 1980s is a replay of the New Conservatism of the 1950s, which was itself a replay of the New Era philosophy of the 1920s"(Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.) ne'o·con·ser'va·tive adj. & n.