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Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This
per·pen·dic·u·lar    Audio Help   [pur-puhn-dik-yuh-ler] Pronunciation Key
–adjective
1.vertical; straight up and down; upright.
2.Geometry. meeting a given line or surface at right angles.
3.maintaining a standing or upright position; standing up.
4.having a sharp pitch or slope; steep.
5.(initial capital letter) noting or pertaining to the last style of English Gothic architecture, prevailing from the late 14th through the early 16th century and characterized by the use of predominantly vertical tracery, an overall linear, shallow effect, and fine intricate stonework.
–noun
6.a perpendicular line or plane.
7.an instrument for indicating the vertical line from any point.
8.an upright position.
9.a sharply pitched or precipitously steep mountain face.
10.moral virtue or uprightness; rectitude.
11.Nautical. either of two lines perpendicular to the keel line, base line, or designed water line of a vessel.

[Origin: 1350–1400; < L perpendiculāris vertical, equiv. to perpendicul(um) plumb line (see perpend2, -i-, -cule2) + -āris -ar1; r. ME perpendiculer(e) (adj. and adv.) < OF perpendiculiere]

per·pen·dic·u·lar·i·ty, per·pen·dic·u·lar·ness, noun
per·pen·dic·u·lar·ly, adverb

1. standing. See upright.
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
perpendicular

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American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
per·pen·dic·u·lar    Audio Help   (pûr'pən-dĭk'yə-lər)  Pronunciation Key 
adj.  
  1. Mathematics Intersecting at or forming right angles.
  2. Being at right angles to the horizontal; vertical. See Synonyms at vertical.
  3. often Perpendicular Of or relating to a style of English Gothic architecture of the 14th and 15th centuries, characterized by emphasis of the vertical element.

adv.   In a perpendicular position.

n.  
  1. Mathematics A line or plane perpendicular to a given line or plane.
  2. A perpendicular position.
  3. A device, such as a plumb line, used in marking the vertical from a given point.
  4. A vertical or nearly vertical line or plane.


[Middle English perpendiculer, from Old French, from Latin perpendiculāris, from perpendiculum, plumb line, from perpendere, to weigh carefully : per-, per- + pendere, to weigh; see (s)pen- in Indo-European roots.]

per'pen·dic'u·lar'i·ty (-lār'ĭ-tē) n., per'pen·dic'u·lar·ly adv.
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
perpendicular  (adj.)
c.1391, from O.Fr. perpendiculer, from L. perpendicularis "vertical, as a plumb line," from perpendiculum "plumb line," from perpendere "balance carefully," from per- "thoroughly" + pendere "to weigh, to hang" (see pendant).

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
WordNet - Cite This Source - Share This
perpendicular

adjective
1. intersecting at or forming right angles; "the axes are perpendicular to each other" [ant: oblique, parallel
2. at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line; "a vertical camera angle"; "the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab"; "measure the perpendicular height" [syn: vertical] [ant: inclined, horizontal
3. extremely steep; "the great perpendicular face of the cliff" 

noun
1. a straight line at right angles to another line 
2. a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines and a four-centered (Tudor) arch and fan vaulting 
3. a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's center of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point [syn: plumb line
4. an extremely steep face 

WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
perpendicular [pəːpənˈdikjulə] adjective
standing, rising etc straight upwards; vertical
Example: a perpendicular cliff
Arabic: عَمودي، مُتَعامِد
Chinese (Simplified): 垂直的
Chinese (Traditional): 垂直的
Czech: svislý; srázný
Danish: lodret
Dutch: loodrecht
Estonian: ristloodis
Finnish: kohtisuora
French: perpendiculaire
German: senkrecht
Greek: κάθετος
Hungarian: függőleges; merőleges
Icelandic: lóðréttur
Indonesian: tegak
Italian: perpendicolare
Japanese: 垂直の
Korean: 수직의, 직립한
Latvian: perpendikulārs, vertikāls, statenisks
Lithuanian: statmenas
Norwegian: loddrett
Polish: prostopadły
Portuguese (Brazil): perpendicular
Portuguese (Portugal): perpendicular
Romanian: vertical
Russian: вертикальный; крутой
Slovak: zvislý; strmý
Slovenian: navpičen
Spanish: perpendicular
Swedish: lodrät, vertikal
Turkish: dikey
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary, © 2000-2006 K Dictionaries Ltd.
The American Heritage Science Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
perpendicular    Audio Help   (pûr'pən-dĭk'yə-lər)  Pronunciation Key 
Adjective   Intersecting at or forming a right angle or right angles.

Noun   A line or plane that is perpendicular to a given line or plane.

The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Perpendicular

Per`pen*dic"u*lar\, a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]

1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.

2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc.

Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its window mullions.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Perpendicular

Per`pen*dic"u*lar\, n. 1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.

2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc.
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