| 1. | (“the Great” ), 1672–1725, czar of Russia 1682–1725. |
| 2. | (Peter Karageorgevich), 1844–1921, king of Serbia 1903–21. |
A Russian czar of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who tried to transform Russia from a backward nation into a progressive one by introducing customs and ideas from western European countries. He moved the capital of Russia from Moscow to a new city he had built, St. Petersburg, which was renamed Leningrad after the Russian Revolution and has since had its old name restored due to the collapse of communism.