Origin: 1520–30; < Middle French: government, civil administration, police < Late Latinpolītia citizenship, government, for Latinpolītīa; see polity
Related forms
o·ver·po·lice, verb (used with object), o·ver·po·liced, o·ver·po·lic·ing.
pre·po·lice, adjective
self-po·lic·ing, adjective
un·po·liced, adjective
well-po·liced, adjective
Pronunciation note Many English words exemplify the original stress rule of Old English and other early Germanic languages, according to which all parts of speech except unprefixed verbs were stressed on the first syllable, and prefixed verbs were stressed on the syllable immediately following the prefix. Although the scope of this rule has been greatly restricted by the incorporation into English of loanwords that exhibit other stress patterns, the rule has always remained operative to some degree, and many loanwords have been conformed to it throughout the history of English. For South Midland and Midland U.S. speakers in particular, shifting the stress in borrowed nouns from a noninitial syllable to the first syllable is still an active process, yielding /ˈpoʊlis/Show Spelled[poh-lees]Show IPA for police and /ˈditrɔɪt/[dee-troit] for Detroit, as well as cement, cigar, guitar, insurance, umbrella, and idea said as /ˈsimɛnt/[see-ment]/ˈsigɑr/[see-gahr]/ˈgɪtɑr/[git-ahr]/ˈɪnʃʊərəns/[in-shoor-uhns]/ˈʌmbrɛlə/[uhm-brel-uh] and /ˈaɪdiə/[ahy-deeuh].
c.1530, at first essentially the same word as policy (1); from M.Fr. police (1477), from L. politia "civil administration," from Gk. polis "city" (see policy (1)). Still used in Eng. for "civil administration" until mid-19c.; application to "administration
of public order" (1716) is from Fr., and originally referred to France or other foreign nations. The first force so-named in Eng. was the Marine Police, set up 1798 to protect merchandise at the Port of London. The verb "to keep order by means of police" is from 1841; policeman is from 1829. Police state "state regulated by means of national police" first recorded 1865, with ref. to Austria.