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primum mobile

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pri⋅mum mo⋅bi⋅le

  [pree-moom moh-bi-le; Eng. prahy-muhm mob-uh-lee, pree-]
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Latin.
1. (in Ptolemaic astronomy) the outermost of the 10 concentric spheres of the universe, making a complete revolution every 24 hours and causing all the others to do likewise.
2. prime mover.
Origin:
lit., first moving (thing)
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
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prime mover  
n.  

    1. One regarded as the initial source of energy directed toward a goal: Patriotism was the prime mover of the revolution.

    2. The initial force, such as electricity, wind, or gravity, that engages or moves a machine.

    3. A machine or mechanism that converts natural energy into work. Also called primum mobile.

  2. Any of various heavy-duty trucks or tractors.

  3. Philosophy In Aristotelian philosophy, the self-moved being that causes all motion.

pri·mum mo·bi·le   (prī'məm mō'bə-lē', prē'məm mō'bĭ-lā')   
n.  

  1. The tenth and outermost concentric sphere of the universe thought in Ptolemaic astronomy to revolve around the earth from east to west in 24 hours and believed to cause the other nine spheres to revolve with it.

  2. See prime mover.


[Medieval Latin prīmum mōbile : prīmum, neuter of prīmus, first + mōbile, from neuter of mōbilis, movable (translation of Arabic al-muḥarrik al-'awwal : al-, the + muḥarrik, mover + 'awwal, first).]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Word Origin & History

primum mobile 
"the first source of motion," 1460, from L. (11c.), lit. "the first movable thing;" see prime (adj.) + mobile. A translation of Ar. al-muharrik al-awwal "the first moving" (Avicenna, c.1037; Shahrastani, c.1153).
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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