(in the French Revolution) a revolutionary of the poorer class: originally a term of contempt applied by the aristocrats but later adopted as a popular name by the revolutionaries.
2.
any extreme republican or revolutionary.
Origin: 1780–90; < French: literally, without knee breeches
"lower-class republican of the French Revolution," 1790, from Fr., lit. "without breeches;" see sans + cullotes. Usually explained as referring to the class whose distinctive costume was pantalons (long trousers) as opposed to the upper classes,
which wore culottes (knee-breeches), but this is not certain.