c.1250, "one of the twelve divisions of the ancient Hebrews," from O.Fr.
tribu, from L.
tribus "one of the three political/ethnic divisions of the original Roman state" (
Tites, Ramnes, and
Luceres, corresponding, perhaps, to the Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans), later, one of the 30 political divisions instituted by Servius Tullius (increased to 35 in 241 B.C.E.), perhaps from
tri- "three" +
*bhu-, root of the verb
be. Others connect the word with the root of Welsh
tref "town, inhabited place." In the Biblical sense, which was the original one in Eng., the L. word translates Gk.
phyle "race or tribe of men, body of men united by ties of blood and descent, a clan" (see
physic). Extension to any ethnic group or race of people is first recorded 1596.
Tribal "characterized by strong group loyalty" is recorded from 1951.