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sum

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Sum
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sum

  [suhm] ,noun, verb, summed, sum⋅ming.
Use sum in a Sentence
–noun
1. the aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars as determined by or as if by the mathematical process of addition: The sum of 6 and 8 is 14.
2. a particular aggregate or total, esp. with reference to money: The expenses came to an enormous sum.
3. an indefinite amount or quantity, esp. of money: to lend small sums.
4. a series of numbers or quantities to be added up.
5. an arithmetical problem to be solved, or such a problem worked out and having the various steps shown.
6. the full amount, or the whole.
7. the substance or gist of a matter, comprehensively or broadly viewed or expressed: the sum of his opinions.
8. concise or brief form: in sum.
9. Mathematics.
a. the limit of the sequence of partial sums of a given infinite series.
b. union (def. 10a).
10. a summary.
–verb (used with object)
11. to combine into an aggregate or total (often fol. by up).
12. to ascertain the sum of, as by addition.
13. to bring into or contain in a small compass (often fol. by up).
–verb (used without object)
14. to amount (usually fol. by to or into): Their expenses summed into the thousands.
—Verb phrase
15. sum up,
a. to reckon: We summed up our assets and liabilities.
b. to bring into or contain in a brief and comprehensive statement; summarize: to sum up the case for the prosecution.
c. to form a quick estimate of: I summed him up in a minute.
Origin:
1250–1300; (n.) ME summe < L summa sum, n. use of fem. of summus highest, superl. of superus (see superior ); (v.) ME summen (< OF summer) < ML summāre, deriv. of summa

Related forms:
sumless, adjective
sum⋅less⋅ness, noun

Synonyms:
1. See number.
Sum
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sum-

 
var. of sub- before m: summon.

SUM

 
surface-to-underwater missile.

sub-

 
1. a prefix occurring originally in loanwords from Latin (subject; subtract; subvert; subsidy); on this model, freely attached to elements of any origin and used with the meaning “under,” “below,” “beneath” (subalpine; substratum), “slightly,” “imperfectly,” “nearly” (subcolumnar; subtropical), “secondary,” “subordinate” (subcommittee; subplot).
2. Chemistry.
a. a prefix indicating a basic compound: subacetate; subcarbonate; subnitrate.
b. a prefix indicating that the element is present in a relatively small proportion, i.e., in a low oxidation state: subchloride; suboxide.
Also, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-.

Origin:
< L, comb. form repr. sub (prep.); akin to Gk hypó; see hypo-

un⋅ion

  [yoon-yuhn]
–noun
1. the act of uniting two or more things.
2. the state of being united.
3. something formed by uniting two or more things; combination.
4. a number of persons, states, etc., joined or associated together for some common purpose: student union; credit union.
5. a group of states or nations united into one political body, as that of the American colonies at the time of the Revolution, that of England and Scotland in 1707, or that of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.
6. the Union. the United States: The Union defeated the Confederacy in 1865.
7. a device emblematic of union, used in a flag or ensign, sometimes occupying the upper corner next to the staff or occupying the entire field.
8. the act of uniting or an instance of being united in marriage or sexual intercourse: an ideal union; an illicit union.
9. an organization of workers; a labor union.
10. Mathematics.
a. Also called join, logical sum, sum. the set consisting of elements each of which is in at least one of two or more given sets. Symbol: ∪
b. the least upper bound of two elements in a lattice.
11. the process or result of merging or integration of disjoined, severed, or fractured elements, as the healing of a wound or broken bone, the growing together of the parts in a plant graft, the fusion of pieces in a welding process, or the like.
12. the junction or location at which the merging process has taken place.
13. any of various contrivances for connecting parts of machinery or the like.
14. Textiles.
a. a fabric of two kinds of yarn.
b. a yarn of two or more fibers.
Origin:
1400–50; late ME < MF < LL ūniōn- (s. of ūniō), equiv. to L ūn(us) one + -iōn- -ion

Synonyms:
1. Union, unity agree in referring to a oneness, either created by putting together, or by being undivided. A union is a state of being united, a combination, as the result of joining two or more things into one: to promote the union between two families; the Union of England and Scotland. Unity is the state or inherent quality of being one, single, individual, and indivisible (often as a consequence of union): to find unity in diversity; to give unity to a work of art. 5. See alliance. 8. wedlock; liaison.

Antonyms:
1, 2. separation, division.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
Cite This Source Link To sum
sum   (sŭm)   
n.  

  1. Mathematics

    1. An amount obtained as a result of adding numbers.

    2. An arithmetic problem: a child good at sums.

  2. The whole amount, quantity, or number; an aggregate: the sum of the team's combined experience.

  3. An amount of money: paid an enormous sum.

  4. A summary: my view of the world, in sum.

  5. The central idea or point; the gist.

tr.v.   summed, sum·ming, sums

  1. Mathematics To add.

  2. To give a summary of; summarize.

Phrasal Verb(s):
sum up

  1. To present the substance of (material) in a condensed form; summarize: sum up the day's news; concluded the lecture by summing up.

  2. To describe or assess concisely: an epithet that sums up my feelings.


[Middle English summe, from Old French, from Latin summa, from feminine of summus, highest; see uper in Indo-European roots.]
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
Cultural Dictionary

Union

The United States; especially the northern states during the Civil War, which remained with the original United States government. (Compare Confederacy.)

The American Heritage® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Cite This Source
Word Origin & History

sub- 
prefix of L. origin meaning "under," from L. preposition sub "under" (also "close to, up to, towards"), from PIE base *upo- "from below," hence "turning upward, upward, up, over, beyond" (cf. Skt. upa "near, under, up to, on," Gk. hypo "under," Goth. iup, O.N., O.E. upp "up, upward," Hittite up-zi "rises"). Used as a prefix and in various combinations. The original meaning is now obscured in many words from Latin (suggest, suspect, subject, etc.); the prefix is active in Mod. Eng., however, sometimes meaning "subordinate" (as in subcontinent, first recorded 1863) or "inferior" (a sense first attested 1963). Many such words are transparent (e.g. subcommittee, 1610) and etymologies of their root words may be found under those headings. As a word of its own, sub is first recorded 1830, as a shortened form of substitute (originally of printer's substitutes). The verb in this sense is from 1853.

sum 
c.1290, "quantity or amount of money," from Anglo-Fr. and O.Fr. summe (13c.), from L. summa "total number, whole, essence, gist," noun use of fem. of summus "highest," from PIE *sup-mos-, from base *uper "over" (see super-). The sense development from "highest" to "total number" is probably via the Roman custom of adding up a stack of figures from the bottom and writing the sum at the top, rather than at the bottom as we do now (cf. the bottom line). Meaning "total number of anything" is recorded from c.1374. Meaning "essence of a writing or speech" also is attested from c.1374. The verb is attested from c.1300; meaning "briefly state the substance of" (now usually with up) is first recorded 1621. Sum-total is attested from c.1395, from M.L. summa totalis.

union 
1410, "action of joining one thing to another," from O.Fr. union (12c.), from L.L. unionem (nom. unio) "oneness, unity, a uniting," also in L. meaning "a single pearl or onion," from unus "one," from PIE *oinos (see one). Sense of "action of uniting into one political body" is attested from 1547. Meaning "group of people or states" is from 1660. Short for trade union, it is recorded from 1833. U.S. political sense is attested from 1775; used especially during the Civil War, in ref. to the remainder of the United States after the Southern secession. Unionize "make into a union" is attested from 1841.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Legal Dictionary

Main Entry: sub-
Function: prefix
1 : under : beneath : below <substandard>
2 a : subordinate : secondary : next lower than or inferior to <subagent> b : subordinate portion of : subdivision of <subchapter> <subcommittee> c : assigning to another by the same method <sublicense> <subcontract>

Main Entry: union
Function: noun
1 : an act or instance of uniting or joining two or more things into one; especially : the formation of a single political unit from two or more separate and individual units
2 : something that is made one : something formed by a combining or coalition of its members: as a : a confederation of independent individuals (as nations or persons) for some common purpose b : a political unit constituting an organic whole formed usually from previously independent units (as England and Scotland in 1707) which have surrendered their principal powers to the government of the whole or to a newly created government (as the U.S. in 1789) c : LABOR UNION
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law, © 1996 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
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Medical Dictionary

Main Entry: union
Pronunciation: 'yü-ny&n
Function: noun
: an act or instance of uniting or joining two or more things into one: as a : the growing together of severed parts <union of a fractured bone> b : a chemical combination : BOND c : the joining of two germ cells in the process of fertilization
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc.
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Medical Dictionary

sub- pref.

  1. Below; under; beneath: subcutaneous.

  2. Subordinate; secondary: subinfection.

  3. Subdivision: subkingdom.

  4. Less than completely or normally; nearly; almost: subfertility.

union un·ion (y&oomacr;n'yən)
n.

  1. The joining or amalgamation of two or more bodies.

  2. The structural adhesion of the edges of a wound.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Computing Dictionary

sum
1. In domain theory, the sum A + B of two domains contains all elements of both domains, modified to indicate which part of the union they come from, plus a new bottom element. There are two constructor functions associated with the sum:
inA : A -> A+B inB : B -> A+B inA(a) = (0,a) inB(b) = (1,b)
and a disassembly operation:
case d of isA(x) -> E1; isB(x) -> E2
This can be generalised to arbitrary numbers of domains.
See also smash sum, disjoint union.
2. A Unix utility to calculate a 16-bit checksum of the data in a file. It also displays the size of the file, either in kilobytes or in 512-byte blocks. The checksum may differ on machines with 16-bit and 32-bit ints.
Unix manual page: sum(1).
(1995-03-16)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, © 1993-2007 Denis Howe
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Abbreviations & Acronyms
SUM
software users manual
The American Heritage® Abbreviations Dictionary, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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