dutymoral

• analysis in deontic logic applied logic

  The propositional modalities relating to normative (or valuational) classifications of actions and states of affairs, such as the permitted, the obligatory, the forbidden, or the meritorious, are characterized as deontic modalities (Greek deontos, “of that which is binding”) and systematized in deontic logic. Though this subject was first treated as a technical discipline in...

views of

• Hegel ethics

  ...he had rectified another key weakness in Kant’s ethics—namely, the difficulty of giving content to the supreme formal moral principle. In Hegel’s organic community, the content of one’s moral duty would be determined by one’s position in society. One would know that his duty was to be a good parent, a good citizen, a good teacher, merchant, or soldier, as the case might be. This ethics...

• Kant ethics

  Kant’s most distinctive contribution to ethics was his insistence that one’s actions possess moral worth only when one does his duty for its own sake. Kant first introduced this idea as something accepted by the common moral consciousness of human beings and only later tried to show that it is an essential element of any rational morality. Kant’s claim that this idea is central to the...

• discussed in biography Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda

  ...translation into Hebrew by Judah ben Joseph ibn Tibbon, Ḥovot ha-levavot, it became a widely read classic of Jewish philosophic and devotional literature. An English translation, Duties of the Heart (1925–47; reprinted 1962), was completed by Moses Hyamson.

• translation by Ibn Tibbon ibn Tibbon, Judah ben Saul

  2. Al-Hidayah ilā farāʾid al-qulūb of Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda, a rabbinic judge, translated as Ḥovot ha-levavot (Duties of the Heart, 1925–47). This work, which became a widely read classic of Jewish devotional literature, examines the ethics of a man’s acts and the intentions that give the acts meaning.

• philosophy of Ross ethics

  In the first third of the 20th century, the chief alternative to utilitarianism was provided by the intuitionists, especially W.D. Ross. Because of this situation, Ross’s normative position was often called “intuitionism,” though it would be more accurate and less confusing to reserve this term for his metaethical view (which, incidentally, was also held by Sidgwick) and to refer to...

• nursing nursing

  At the same time, independent contractors called private-duty nurses cared for sick individuals in their homes. These nurses performed important clinical work and supported families who had the financial resources to afford care, but the unregulated health care labour market left them vulnerable to competition from both untrained nurses and each year’s class of newly graduated trained nurses....

• countervailing duty countervailing duty

  ...of unfair competition by foreign rivals—many of whom benefit from a strongly organized industry, unduly cheap exchange rates, sweatshop labour, or subsidies. Such duties are commonly known as antidumping duties. Countervailing duties are allowed under Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, a trade agreement administered by the World Trade Organization.