foundationorganization
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corporate organization
( in business organization: Other forms of business association )
...as American mutual funds; the Massachusetts business trust (now little used but providing a means of limiting the liability of participants in a business activity like the limited partnership); the foundation (fondation, Stiftung), a European organization that has social or charitable objects and often carries on a business whose profits are devoted to those objects; and, finally, the...
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contribution to Topeka Topeka
Topeka’s economy is based on agriculture, manufacturing, and governmental services. From 1925 to 2003 Topeka was the home of the Menninger Foundation, an outstanding psychiatric-training institution. The city is the seat of Washburn University (1865); Mulvane Art Museum is located on Washburn’s campus. Other notable attractions include the extensive and well-stocked Topeka Zoological Park and...
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establishment by Menninger family Menninger family
...in psychiatric care, and in 1933 it opened a neuropsychiatric residency program for physicians. To fulfill their goal of combining medical practice, research, and education, the family formed the Menninger Foundation in 1941 and four years later the Menninger School of Psychiatry. The foundation was involved in psychiatric education, training, and research on an international level. In 1974...
the study of the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics, including whether the axioms of a given system ensure its completeness and its consistency. Because mathematics has served as a model for rational inquiry in the West and is used extensively in the sciences, foundational studies have far-reaching consequences for the reliability and extensibility of rational thought itself.
For 2,000 years the foundations of mathematics seemed perfectly solid. Euclid’s Elements (c. 300 bc), which presented a set of formal logical arguments based on a few basic terms and axioms, provided a systematic method of rational exploration that guided mathematicians, philosophers, and scientists well into the 19th century. Even serious objections to the lack of rigour in Sir Isaac Newton’s notion of fluxions (derivatives) in the calculus, raised by the Anglo-Irish empiricist George Berkeley (among others), did not call into question the basic foundations of mathematics. The discovery in the 19th century of consistent alternative geometries, however, precipitated a crisis, for it showed that Euclidean geometry, based on seemingly the most intuitively obvious axiomatic assumptions, did not correspond with reality as mathematicians had believed. This, together with the bold discoveries of the German mathematician Georg Cantor in set theory, made it clear that, to avoid further confusion and satisfactorily answer paradoxical results, a new and more rigorous foundation for mathematics was necessary.
Thus began the 20th-century quest to rebuild mathematics on a new basis independent of geometric intuitions. Early efforts included those of the logicist school of the British mathematicians Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, the formalist school of the German...
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corporate organization business organization
...as American mutual funds; the Massachusetts business trust (now little used but providing a means of limiting the liability of participants in a business activity like the limited partnership); the foundation (fondation, Stiftung), a European organization that has social or charitable objects and often carries on a business whose profits are devoted to those objects; and, finally, the...
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establishment by Kress Kress, S.H.
In 1921 Kress traveled to Europe, collecting medieval and Renaissance paintings, sculptures, and textiles. In 1929 he established the Kress Foundation, endowing it with 40 percent of the company’s voting stock. The foundation donated works from his collection to art galleries in states in which he owned stores. In 1939 Kress gave the newly established National Gallery of Art in Washington,...
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description and use cosmetic
The classic foundation is vanishing cream, which is essentially an oil-in-water emulsion that contains about 15 percent stearic acid (a solid fatty acid), a small part of which is saponified (converted to a crystalline form) in order to provide the quality of sheen. Such creams leave no oily finish, though they provide an even, adherent base for face powder, which when dusted on top of a...
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