printphotography

Good proofs of an intaglio plate can be made by plaster casting, for fine plaster of paris will pick up the most delicate details. This method will produce a particularly attractive proof if the plate has deeply etched or engraved sections.

...lenses and filters. The type of sensitive material used to record the image is a further control, and the contrast between highlight and shadow can be changed by variations in development. In printing the negative, the photographer has a wide choice in the physical surface of the paper, the tonal contrast, and the image colour. The photographer also may set up a completely artificial...

In motion-picture prints, overlapping dye layers in the three subtractive primaries are simultaneously present on a clear, transparent base, and the image is projected with an exposure of white light. The dark areas of the cyan layer subtract all red colour, permitting only cyan (the mixture of blue and green) to pass through; the transparent areas pass all the white light. The magenta and...

The developed footage comes back from the laboratory with one or more duplicate copies. Editors work from these copies, known as work prints, so that the original camera footage can remain undamaged and clean until the final negative cut. The work prints reproduce not only the footage shot but also the edge numbers that were photographically imprinted on the raw film stock. These latent edge...

What is the difference between a reproduction and an original print? In the very early days of printmaking this was not a serious problem because the print was not looked upon as a precious art object, and prices were low. The question of originality became an issue only in the 18th century, and, in the 19th century, artists started to hand sign their prints. Since then, the signed print has...

The Internet has become an invaluable and discipline-transforming environment for scientists and scholars. In 2004 Google began digitizing public-domain and out-of-print materials from several cooperating libraries in North America and Europe, such as the University of Michigan library, which made some seven million volumes available. Although some authors and publishers challenged the project...