rejectionmedicine
Main
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
Assorted References
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major reference
( in transplant: Rejection )
Human beings possess complex defense mechanisms against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials that enter the body. These mechanisms, which collectively make up the immune system, cannot, unfortunately, differentiate between disease-causing microorganisms and the cells of a lifesaving transplant. Both are perceived as foreign, and both are subject to attack by the immune system. This...
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kidney transplant
( in kidney transplant )
...were carried out in the late 1950s, clinically significant transplantation did not begin until around 1963, when the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine was developed to help counteract the rejection of the new organ by the body’s immune system. Because a kidney from a related donor is less likely to be rejected by the body, transplants from living relatives are more successful than...
Citations
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major reference transplant
Human beings possess complex defense mechanisms against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials that enter the body. These mechanisms, which collectively make up the immune system, cannot, unfortunately, differentiate between disease-causing microorganisms and the cells of a lifesaving transplant. Both are perceived as foreign, and both are subject to attack by the immune system. This...
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kidney transplant kidney transplant
...were carried out in the late 1950s, clinically significant transplantation did not begin until around 1963, when the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine was developed to help counteract the rejection of the new organ by the body’s immune system. Because a kidney from a related donor is less likely to be rejected by the body, transplants from living relatives are more successful than...
- view of Ẓāhirīyah school Ẓāhirīyah
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chemoreception chemoreception
...and by acids and mediates behavioral rejection in water-satiated flies; (2) anion receptor, stimulated by negatively charged ions, and mediating rejection under all circumstances; (3) water receptor, once called W fibre; this structure fires when stimulated by water and mediates its acceptance by the animal; and (4) sugar receptor, once called S fibre because of its small...
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rejection of Western influences arts, East Asian
The most extreme rejection of both Western mimesis and traditional Japanese aesthetics is seen in butō (or ankoku butō, “dance of darkness”), a postmodern movement begun by Hijikata Tatsumi and Ohno Kazuo in the 1960s in which formal dance technique is eschewed and primal sexuality and the grotesque are explored. The butō troupes Sankaijuku,...
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