shearmechanics

...are made by high-speed forging of red-hot steel bars between the dies of drop hammers. For ordinary scissors, steel containing 0.55 percent carbon is mainly used; for the finest scissors and shears for trade use, such as tailors’ shears and trimmers, a harder steel containing 0.75 percent carbon is preferred. For cutting man-made fibres, harder and more blunting than natural fibres, the...

cutting instrument consisting of a pair of opposed metal blades that meet and cut when the handles at their ends are brought together. The term shears sometimes denotes large-size scissors. Modern instruments are of two types: the more usual pivoted blades have a rivet or screw connection between the cutting ends and the handle ends; spring shears have a C-shaped spring connection at...

...the acute angle BAF when the tube is twisted. The change in the right angle is, therefore, equal to angle BAC the tangent of which, by definition, is the ratio of BC divided by AC. This ratio is the shear strain, the value of which is zero for no deformation and becomes increasingly greater as angle BAC increases. Shear strains are also dimensionless.

For many fluids the tangential, or shearing, stress that causes flow is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain, or rate of deformation, that results. In other words, the shear stress divided by the rate of shear strain is constant for a given fluid at a fixed temperature. This constant is called the dynamic, or absolute, viscosity and often simply the viscosity. Fluids that behave in...

...a simple consequence of the weight and creep properties of ice. Subjected to a shear stress over time, ice will undergo creep, or plastic deformation. The rate of plastic deformation under constant shear stress is initially high but tapers off to a steady value. If this steady value, the shear-strain rate, is plotted against the stress for many different values of applied stress, a curved graph...

Inplane shear tests indicate the deformation response of a material to forces applied tangentially. These tests are applied primarily to thin sheet materials, either metals or composites, such as fibreglass reinforced plastic.

...material any small cubic volume is slightly distorted in such a way that two of its faces slide parallel to each other a small distance and two other faces change from squares to diamond shapes. The shear modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to resist transverse deformations and is a valid index of elastic behaviour only...

Inplane shear tests indicate the deformation response of a material to forces applied tangentially. These tests are applied primarily to thin sheet materials, either metals or composites, such as fibreglass reinforced plastic.

...to the development of tall steel structures, substantial advancements in high-rise structural systems of reinforced concrete have been made since 1945. The first of these was the introduction of the shear wall as a means of stiffening concrete frames against lateral deflection, such as results from wind or earthquake loads; the shear wall acts as a narrow deep cantilever beam to resist lateral...

...applied over the segment. The 20 loads are then plotted as a function of position along the hull, and the resulting curve is integrated over the entire ship’s length to give what is known as the shear curve. In turn, the shear curve is integrated over the length to give the bending moment curve—a curve that usually has its maximum near mid-length. A value for bending stress can then be...