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...film by the detergent solution, which is in turn washed away by rinse waters. The oil film breaks up and separates into individual droplets under the influence of the detergent solution. Proteinic stains, such as egg, milk, and blood, are difficult to remove by detergent action alone. The proteinic stain is nonsoluble in water, adheres strongly to the fibre, and prevents the penetration of the...
Adequate examination of the blood cells requires that a thin film of blood be spread on a glass slide, stained with a special blood stain (Wright stain), and examined under the microscope. Individual red cells, white cells, and platelets are examined, and the relative proportions of the several classes of white cells are tabulated. The results may have important diagnostic implications. In...
...Mountains and Sea (1952), she created diaphanous colour by means of thinned-down oils that she allowed to soak into the raw (unprimed) canvas. This technique, known as the stain technique, strongly contrasted with the use of impasto that characterized most Abstract Expressionist painting, and it seriously influenced the colour-field painters Morris Louis and Kenneth...
a widely used microbiological staining technique that greatly aids in the identification and characterization of bacteria. It was devised by a Danish physician, Hans Christian Gram, in 1884. The Gram reaction reflects fundamental differences in the biochemical and structural properties of bacteria. A slide containing a heat-fixed smear of bacterial cells is treated with crystal-violet stain (a basic dye), during which the cells turn purple. The slide is then flushed with an iodine solution, followed by an organic solvent (such as alcohol or acetone). Gram-positive bacteria remain purple because they have a single thick cell wall that is not easily penetrated by the solvent; gram-negative bacteria, however, are decolorized because they have cell walls with much thinner layers that allow removal of the dye by the solvent. In a final step, a counterstain, such as safranin, is added and stains the gram-negative cells red.
One of the most useful staining reactions for bacteria is called the Gram stain, developed in 1884 by the Danish physician Hans Christian Gram. Bacteria in suspension are fixed to a glass slide by brief heating and then exposed to two dyes that combine to form a large blue dye complex within each cell. When the slide is flushed with an alcohol solution, gram-positive bacteria retain the blue...
Diagnosis of urethritis is established by taking a Gram stain and a culture of urethral discharges. Treatment may simply involve the withdrawal of the offending chemical agent, when the inflammation is caused by chemical irritation, or the administration of antibiotics, when microorganisms are involved. If it is suspected that the infection has spread to the bloodstream, the patient must be...
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