surveydata accumulation
Main
Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
Assorted References
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major reference
( in statistics: Sample survey methods )
As noted above in the section Estimation, statistical inference is the process of using data from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about a population. The field of sample survey methods is concerned with effective ways of obtaining sample data. The three most common types of sample surveys are mail surveys, telephone surveys, and personal interview surveys. All of these involve the...
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criminology
( in criminology: Descriptive statistics )
...countries have utilized victimization surveys, in which random samples of the population are generally asked whether they have been victims of crime within a specified period of time. Although these surveys have methodological problems (e.g., they rely entirely on the memory of victims), they have generally been more accurate than official statistics in displaying trends in crime over time....
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economic forecasting
( in economic forecasting: Information on spending )
...indicate how much will be spent and how much money will be extracted from the stream of private spending by taxation. Similar information is available on some parts of the private economy. Periodic surveys conducted both by government and by private organizations measure business plans to invest in new plants and equipment. Increasingly, attempts are made to probe the mood and intentions of...
Citations
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use in archaeology anthropology
In order to systematically document and interpret the material remains of past societies, archaeologists have developed a common set of methods and procedures. These include archaeological survey (reconnaissance), excavation, and detailed analysis of recovered artifacts. Survey, or the discovery and recording of archaeological sites or other human-created features, such as roads and irrigation...
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opinion research public opinion
Several regional and multicountry surveys were established in the 20th century. Studies of the European Economic Community first appeared as the Eurobarometer Surveys in 1974. The twice-yearly surveys, sponsored by the European Union, use a common questionnaire to determine trends in attitudes in categories such as cultural and national identity, international relations, living conditions,...
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political science and behavioralism political science
...of “centre-periphery” tensions, finding that outlying regions of a country tend to vote differently from the area where political and economic activities are centred. The extensive Eurobarometer series—public-opinion surveys carried out in European Union countries since 1973 on behalf of the European Commission—have given European behavioralists a solid statistical...
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use in Japan Japan
...landlords (kokujin), he at first recognized them, regarding them as an important adjunct to the strengthening of his military power and using them as followers in his battles for unification. Cadastral surveys aimed at strengthening feudal landownership were at this stage carried out not so much to gain control over the complicated landholding and taxation system of the farmers as to...
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opinion research in Latin America public opinion
Other regional studies, often led by university research programs or NGOs as well as by national governments, have been developed around the world. The Latinobarometer, based in Chile, publishes an annual study of attitudes toward democracy, trust in institutions, and other topical issues pertaining to Latin American countries. Similar comparative regional barometer surveys have been undertaken...
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opinion research public opinion
...Similar comparative regional barometer surveys have been undertaken in eastern Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean. The International Social Survey Program, better known as the ISSP Survey, is a collaborative effort involving research organizations in many parts of the world. Its survey topics include work, gender roles, religion, and national identity. The World Values...
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