biasattitude
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Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
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sociology ( in sociology: Scientific status
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Bias is sometimes presumed to be a chronic affliction of sociology. This may arise in part from the fact that the subject matter of sociology is familiar and important in everyone’s daily life. As a result, variations in philosophical outlook and individual preferences can contribute to an irrational bias. Thus, critics have expressed disapproval of the sociologists’ skepticism on various...
in sociology: Data collection )Sampling errors and bias both constitute a continuing concern, especially since so much sociological knowledge is derived from samples of a larger universe. Where bias cannot be controlled, its extent may sometimes be estimated by various methods, including intensive analysis of smaller samples. For example, the population undercount in the United States is well known, as are the methods to...
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sociology ( in sociology: Scientific status
)
Bias is sometimes presumed to be a chronic affliction of sociology. This may arise in part from the fact that the subject matter of sociology is familiar and important in everyone’s daily life. As a result, variations in philosophical outlook and individual preferences can contribute to an irrational bias. Thus, critics have expressed disapproval of the sociologists’ skepticism on various...
in sociology: Data collection )Sampling errors and bias both constitute a continuing concern, especially since so much sociological knowledge is derived from samples of a larger universe. Where bias cannot be controlled, its extent may sometimes be estimated by various methods, including intensive analysis of smaller samples. For example, the population undercount in the United States is well known, as are the methods to...
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trajectory of ballistic missile rocket and missile system
...other hand, must be corrected by improving the missile’s design—particularly its guidance. Guidance/en-route errors are usually measured by a missile’s circular error of probability (CEP) and bias. CEP uses the mean point of impact of missile test firings, usually taken at maximum range, to calculate the radius of a circle that would take in 50 percent of the impact points. Bias measures...
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use in magnetic recording systems sound recording
...of the wave shape on the tape. In order to overcome this problem, a sinusoidal signal of about 100 kilohertz is added to the wave immediately before the wave is impressed onto the tape. Known as equalization bias, this signal has the effect of linearizing an inherently nonlinear magnetic medium, largely eliminating distortion.
river in western Africa, rising 25 miles (40 km) west of Sunyani in western Ghana. After entering Côte d’Ivoire, the Bia River flows in a southerly direction to the Aby Lagoon, an inlet of the Atlantic; its total length is 160 miles (260 km). On the river near Ayamé are two hydroelectric plants (1959, 1965), 2.5 miles (4 km) apart, which supply power to Abidjan and southeastern Côte d’Ivoire. From Aboisso, the head of navigation (10 miles [16 km] from the entrance to the lagoon), logs and agricultural produce are sent downstream to Assini for transshipment.
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pneumatic tire design tire
...important feature of tire design is the ply, i.e., the way in which the layers of reinforcing cords in the inner carcass are laid, or arranged. The three main types of arrangements are the bias-ply, the bias-ply belted, and the radial-ply belted. As shown in the illustration, the cords in a bias-ply tire are laid at a “crown” angle of about 50 degrees to the axis of the...
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