"to destroy," 1958, probably a back formation from destruction in the jargon of U.S. aerospace and defense workers to refer to deliberate destruction of a missile in flight by a friendly agent, popularized 1966 in form self-destruct in the voice-over at the beginning
of popular TV spy drama "Mission Impossible." OED records an isolated use of destruct from 17c., in this case probably from L. destruct-, pp. stem of destruere.