23 results for: Ether

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e·ther

Audio Help [ee-ther] Pronunciation Key

–noun

Also called diethyl ether, diethyl oxide, ethyl ether, ethyl oxide, sulfuric ether. Chemistry, Pharmacology. a colorless, highly volatile, flammable liquid, C₄H₁₀O, having an aromatic odor and sweet, burning taste, derived from ethyl alcohol by the action of sulfuric acid: used as a solvent and, formerly, as an inhalant anesthetic.

2.	Chemistry. (formerly) one of a class of compounds in which two organic groups are attached directly to an oxygen atom, having the general formula ROR.

3.	the upper regions of space; the clear sky; the heavens.

4.	the medium supposed by the ancients to fill the upper regions of space.

5.	Physics. a hypothetical substance supposed to occupy all space, postulated to account for the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through space.

Also, aether (for defs. 3–5).

[Origin: 1350–1400; ME < L aethér the upper air, pure air, ether < Gk aithr, akin to aíthein to glow, burn, OE ād funeral pyre, L aestus heat

]

—Related forms

e·ther·ic

Audio Help [i-ther-ik, i-theer-] Pronunciation Key, adjective

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Ether

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American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

e·ther Audio Help (ē'thər) Pronunciation Key
n.

Any of a class of organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom.
A volatile, highly flammable liquid, C₂H₅OC₂H₅, derived from the distillation of ethyl alcohol with sulfuric acid and used as a reagent and solvent. It was formerly used as an anesthetic. Also called diethyl ether, ethyl ether.
The regions of space beyond the earth's atmosphere; the heavens.
The element believed in ancient and medieval civilizations to fill all space above the sphere of the moon and to compose the stars and planets.
Physics An all-pervading, infinitely elastic, massless medium formerly postulated as the medium of propagation of electromagnetic waves.

[Middle English, upper air, from Latin aethēr, from Greek aithēr.]

e·ther'ic (ĭ-thěr'ĭk, ĭ-thîr'-) adj.

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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
ether

1398, from L. æther "the upper pure, bright air," from Gk. aither "upper air," from aithein "to burn, shine," from I.E. base *aidh- "to burn" (cf. Skt. inddhe "burst into flames," O.Ir. aed "fire," L. aedes, see edify). In ancient cosmology, the element that filled all space beyond the sphere of the moon, constituting the substance of the stars and planets. Conceived of as a purer form of fire or air, or as a fifth element. From 17c.-19c., it was the scientific word for an assumed "frame of reference" for forces in the universe, perhaps without material properties. The concept was shaken by the Michelson-Morley experiment (1887) and discarded after the Theory of Relativity won acceptance, but before it went it gave rise to the colloquial use of ether for "the radio" (1899). The name also was bestowed 1757 on a volatile chemical compound for its lightness and lack of color (its anesthetic properties weren't fully established until 1842).

WordNet - Cite This Source - Share This

ether
noun
1.	the fifth and highest element after air and earth and fire and water; was believed to be the substance composing all heavenly bodies [syn: quintessence]
2.	any of a class of organic compounds that have two hydrocarbon groups linked by an oxygen atom
3.	a medium that was once supposed to fill all space and to support the propagation of electromagnetic waves
4.	a colorless volatile highly inflammable liquid formerly used as an inhalation anesthetic

Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary (Beta Version) - Cite This Source - Share This
ether [ˈiːθə] noun

a colourless liquid used to dissolve fats etc, and, medically, as an anaesthetic

Arabic:	الأثير
Chinese (Simplified):	乙醚, 以太
Chinese (Traditional):	乙醚, 以太
Czech:	éter
Danish:	æter
Dutch:	ether
Estonian:	eeter
Finnish:	eetteri
French:	éther
German:	der Äther
Greek:	αιθέρας
Hungarian:	éter
Icelandic:	eter
Indonesian:	eter
Italian:	etere

Japanese:	エーテル
Korean:	에테르
Latvian:	ēteris
Lithuanian:	eteris
Norwegian:	eter
Polish:	eter
Portuguese (Brazil):	éter
Portuguese (Portugal):	éter
Romanian:	eter
Russian:	эфир
Slovak:	éter
Slovenian:	eter
Spanish:	éter
Swedish:	eter
Turkish:	eter, lokman ruhu

The American Heritage Science Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

ether Audio Help (ē'thər) Pronunciation Key

An organic compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom, having the general structure ROR', where R and R' are the two hydrocarbon groups. At room temperature, ethers are pleasant-smelling liquids resembling alcohols but less dense and less soluble in water. Ethers are part of many naturally occurring organic compounds, such as starches and sugars, and are widely used in industry and in making pharmaceuticals.
A colorless, flammable liquid used as a solvent and formerly used as an anesthetic. Ether consists of two ethyl groups joined by an oxygen atom. Also called diethyl ether, ethyl ether. Chemical formula: C₄H₁₀O.
A hypothetical medium formerly believed to permeate all space, and through which light and other electromagnetic radiation were thought to move. The existence of ether was disproved by the American physicists Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1887.

The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2002 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

e·ther (thr)
n.

Any of a class of organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom.
An anesthetic ether, especially diethyl ether.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Main Entry: ether
Pronunciation: 'E-th&r
Function: noun
1 : a medium that in the wave theory of light permeates all space and transmits transverse waves
2 a : a light volatile flammable liquid C₄H₁₀O used especially formerly chiefly as an anesthetic called also diethyl ether, ethyl ether, ethyl oxide b : any of various organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms

Free On-line Dictionary of Computing - Cite This Source - Share This

ETHER language
A concurrent object-oriented language?
(1997-03-18)

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

[AE]"ther\, n. See Ether.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

Com"pound\, a. [OE. compouned, p. p. of compounen. See Compound, v. t.] Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced by the union of several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; as, a compound word.

Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances. --I. Watts.

Compound addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (Arith.), the addition, subtraction, etc., of compound numbers.

Compound crystal (Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one seeming to be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular laws of composition.

Compound engine (Mech.), a form of steam engine in which the steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in several larger cylinders, successively.

Compound ether. (Chem.) See under Ether.

Compound flower (Bot.), a flower head resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion.

Compound fraction. (Math.) See Fraction.

Compound fracture. See Fracture.

Compound householder, a householder who compounds or arranges with his landlord that his rates shall be included in his rents. [Eng.]

Compound interest. See Interest.

Compound larceny. (Law) See Larceny.

Compound leaf (Bot.), a leaf having two or more separate blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.

Compound microscope. See Microscope.

Compound motion. See Motion.

Compound number (Math.), one constructed according to a varying scale of denomination; as, 3 cwt., 1 qr., 5 lb.; -- called also denominate number.

Compound pier (Arch.), a clustered column.

Compound quantity (Alg.), a quantity composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign + (plus) or - (minus). Thus, a + b - c, and bb - b, are compound quantities.

Compound radical. (Chem.) See Radical.

Compound ratio (Math.), the product of two or more ratios; thus ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios a:c and b:d.

Compound rest (Mech.), the tool carriage of an engine lathe.

Compound screw (Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two or more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or running in different directions (a right and left screw).

Compound time (Mus.), that in which two or more simple measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining of two measures of 3-8 time.

Compound word, a word composed of two or more words; specifically, two or more words joined together by a hyphen.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

Es"tu*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.] [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr. aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to Gr.? to burn. See Ether.] To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. --Bacon.

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Ether

Eth"ane\, n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

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Ether

E"ther\, n. [L. aether, Gr. ?, fr. ? to light up, kindle, burn, blaze; akin to Skr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf. F. ['e]ther.] [Written also [ae]ther.]

1. (Physics) A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an an[ae]sthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.

(b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether.

Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3.

Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester.

Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

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Ether

E*the"re*ous\, a. [L. aethereus, Gr. ? See Ether.]

1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.]

This ethereous mold whereon we stand. --Milton.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or resembling, ether.

Ethereous oil. See Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

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Ether

Eth"i*dene\, n. [From Ether.] (Chem.) Ethylidene. [Obs.]

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Ether

I"dle\, a. [Compar. Idler; superl. Idlest.] [OE. idel, AS. [=i]del vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. [=i]dal, D. ijdel, OHG. [=i]tal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. ? clear, pure, ? to burn. Cf. Ether.]

1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." --Shak.

Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. --Matt. xii. 36.

Down their idle weapons dropped. --Milton.

This idle story became important. --Macaulay.

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours.

The idle spear and shield were high uphing. --Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen.

Why stand ye here all the day idle? --Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow.

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] --Ford.

Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power.

Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution.

In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." --Chaucer.

Syn: Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant.

Usage: Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

Naph"tha\, n. [L. naphtha, Gr. ?????, fr.Ar. nafth, nifth.]

1. (Chem.) The complex mixture of volatile, liquid, inflammable hydrocarbons, occurring naturally, and usually called crude petroleum, mineral oil, or rock oil. Specifically: That portion of the distillate obtained in the refinement of petroleum which is intermediate between the lighter gasoline and the heavier benzine, and has a specific gravity of about 0.7, -- used as a solvent for varnishes, as a carburetant, illuminant, etc.

2. (Chem.) One of several volatile inflammable liquids obtained by the distillation of certain carbonaceous materials and resembling the naphtha from petroleum; as, Boghead naphtha, from Boghead coal (obtained at Boghead, Scotland); crude naphtha, or light oil, from coal tar; wood naphtha, from wood, etc.

Note: This term was applied by the earlier chemical writers to a number of volatile, strong smelling, inflammable liquids, chiefly belonging to the ethers, as the sulphate, nitrate, or acetate of ethyl. --Watts.

Naphtha vitrioli [NL., naphtha of vitriol] (Old Chem.), common ethyl ether; -- formerly called sulphuric ether. See Ether.

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Ether

U*reth"ane\, n. [F. ur['e]thane. See Urea; Ether.] (Org. Chem.) A white crystalline substance, NH2.COOC2H5, produced by the action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate or by heating urea nitrate and ethyl alcohol. It is used as a hypnotic, antipyretic, and antispasmodic. Hence, any ester of carbamic acid.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

Spir"it\, n. [OF. espirit, esperit, F. esprit, L. spiritus, from spirare to breathe, to blow. Cf. Conspire, Expire, Esprit, Sprite.]

1. Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself. [Obs.] "All of spirit would deprive." --Spenser.

The mild air, with season moderate, Gently attempered, and disposed eo well, That still it breathed foorth sweet spirit. --Spenser.

2. A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing. [Obs.]

Be it a letter or spirit, we have great use for it. --B. Jonson.

3. Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.

4. The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material.

There is a spirit in man; and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them understanding. --Job xxxii. 8.

As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without works is dead also. --James ii. 26.

Spirit is a substance wherein thinking, knowing, doubting, and a power of moving, do subsist. --Locke.

5. Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body.

Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. --Eccl. xii. 7.

Ye gentle spirits far away, With whom we shared the cup of grace. --Keble.

6. Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf.

Whilst young, preserve his tender mind from all impressions of spirits and goblins in the dark. --Locke.

7. Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.

"Write it then, quickly," replied Bede; and summoning all his spirits together, like the last blaze of a candle going out, he indited it, and expired. --Fuller.

8. One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.

Such spirits as he desired to please, such would I choose for my judges. --Dryden.

9. Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits.

God has . . . made a spirit of building succeed a spirit of pulling down. --South.

A perfect judge will read each work of wit With the same spirit that its author writ. --Pope.

10. Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like.

11. Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities.

All bodies have spirits . . . within them. --Bacon.

12. Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.

13. pl. Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors.

14. (Med.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf. Tincture. --U. S. Disp.

15. (Alchemy) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).

The four spirits and the bodies seven. --Chaucer.

16. (Dyeing) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.

Note: Spirit is sometimes joined with other words, forming compounds, generally of obvious signification; as, spirit-moving, spirit-searching, spirit-stirring, etc.

Astral spirits, Familiar spirits, etc. See under Astral, Familiar, etc.

Animal spirits. (a) (Physiol.) The fluid which at one time was supposed to circulate through the nerves and was regarded as the agent of sensation and motion; -- called also the nervous fluid, or nervous principle. (b) Physical health and energy; frolicsomeness; sportiveness.

Ardent spirits, strong alcoholic liquors, as brandy, rum, whisky, etc., obtained by distillation.

Holy Spirit, or The Spirit (Theol.), the Spirit of God, or the third person of the Trinity; the Holy Ghost. The spirit also signifies the human spirit as influenced or animated by the Divine Spirit.

Proof spirit. (Chem.) See under Proof.

Rectified spirit (Chem.), spirit rendered purer or more concentrated by redistillation, so as to increase the percentage of absolute alcohol.

Spirit butterfly (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of delicate butterflies of tropical America belonging to the genus Ithomia. The wings are gauzy and nearly destitute of scales.

Spirit duck. (Zo["o]l.) (a) The buffle-headed duck. (b) The golden-eye.

Spirit lamp (Art), a lamp in which alcohol or methylated spirit is burned.

Spirit level. See under Level.

Spirit of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) See under Hartshorn.

Spirit of Mindererus (Med.), an aqueous solution of acetate of ammonium; -- named after R. Minderer, physician of Augsburg.

Spirit of nitrous ether (Med. Chem.), a pale yellow liquid, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor. It is obtained by the distillation of alcohol with nitric and sulphuric acids, and consists essentially of ethyl nitrite with a little acetic aldehyde. It is used as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic, etc. Called also sweet spirit of niter.

Spirit of salt (Chem.), hydrochloric acid; -- so called because obtained from salt and sulphuric acid. [Obs.]

Spirit of sense, the utmost refinement of sensation. [Obs.] --Shak.

Spirits, or Spirit, of turpentine (Chem.), rectified oil of turpentine, a transparent, colorless, volatile, and very inflammable liquid, distilled from the turpentine of the various species of pine; camphine. See Camphine.

Spirit of vitriol (Chem.), sulphuric acid; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of green vitriol. [Obs.]

Spirit of vitriolic ether (Chem.) ether; -- often but incorrectly called sulphuric ether. See Ether. [Obs.]

Spirits, or Spirit, of wine (Chem.), alcohol; -- so called because formerly obtained by the distillation of wine.

Spirit rapper, one who practices spirit rapping; a "medium" so called.

Spirit rapping, an alleged form of communication with the spirits of the dead by raps. See Spiritualism, 3.

Sweet spirit of niter. See Spirit of nitrous ether, above.

Syn: Life; ardor; energy; fire; courage; animatioon; cheerfulness; vivacity; enterprise.

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Ether

Sul*phu"ric\, a. [Cf. F. sulfurique.]

1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.

2. (Chem.) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid.

Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); -- formerly so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol, and oil of vitriol.

Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric.

Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur.

Sulphuric ether, common an[ae]sthetic ether; -- so called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether, 3 (a) .

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ether

Ether, talk

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

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