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Glottochronology - 2 dictionary results

glot⋅to⋅chro⋅nol⋅o⋅gy

[glot-oh-kruh-nol-uh-jee, glot-uh-]
–noun Linguistics.
the branch of lexicostatistics that studies the rate of replacement of vocabulary and attempts to determine what percentage of basic vocabulary two presently distinct but related languages share, using the information thus obtained to estimate how long ago they ceased being a single language.

Origin:
1950–55; glotto- + chronology
glottochronology

noun
the determination of how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language; "he mapped the glottochronology of the Romance languages" 

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