c.1300, "evil condition, misfortune, need, want," from O.Fr.
meschief (Fr.
méchef), verbal noun from
meschever "come or bring to grief, be unfortunate" (opposite of
achieve), from
mes- "badly" (see
mis- (2)) +
chever "happen, come to a head," from V.L.
*capare "head," from L.
caput "head" (see
head). Meaning "harm or evil considered as the work of some agent or due to some cause" is from 1480. Sense of "playful malice" first recorded 1784.
Mischief Night in 19c. England was the eve of May Day and of Nov. 5, both major holidays, and perhaps the original point was pilfering for the next day's celebration and bonfire; but in Yorkshire, Scotland, and Ireland the night was Halloween. The useful M.E. verb
mischieve (c.1330) has, for some reason, fallen from currency.