ar·gue

[ahr-gyoo] verb, ar·gued, ar·gu·ing.
verb (used without object)
1.
to present reasons for or against a thing: He argued in favor of capital punishment.
2.
to contend in oral disagreement; dispute: The Senator argued with the President about the new tax bill.
verb (used with object)
3.
to state the reasons for or against: The lawyers argued the case.
4.
to maintain in reasoning: to argue that the news report must be wrong.
5.
to persuade, drive, etc., by reasoning: to argue someone out of a plan.
6.
to show; prove; imply; indicate: His clothes argue poverty.
00:10
Argue is a TOEFL word you need to know.
So is figment. Does it mean:
having an abundance of wealth, property, or other material goods; prosperous or rich
a mere product of mental invention; a fantastic notion

Origin:
1275–1325; Middle English < Anglo-French, Old French arguer < Latin argūtāre, -ārī, frequentative of arguere to prove, assert, accuse (Medieval Latin: argue, reason), though Latin frequentative form attested only in sense “babble, chatter”

ar·gu·er, noun
coun·ter·ar·gue, verb, coun·ter·ar·gued, coun·ter·ar·gu·ing.
o·ver·ar·gue, verb, o·ver·ar·gued, o·ver·ar·gu·ing.
re·ar·gue, verb, re·ar·gued, re·ar·gu·ing.
well-ar·gued, adjective


1, 2. Argue, debate, discuss imply using reasons or proofs to support or refute an assertion, proposition, or principle. Argue implies presenting one's reasons: The scientists argued for a safer testing procedure; it may also imply disputing in an angry or excited way: His parents argue all the time. To discuss is to present varied opinions and views: to discuss ways and means. To debate is to interchange formal (usually opposing) arguments, especially on public questions: to debate a proposed amendment.
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Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2013.
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World English Dictionary
argue (ˈɑːɡjuː) [Click for IPA pronunciation guide]
 
vb , -gues, -guing, -gued
1.  (intr) to quarrel; wrangle: they were always arguing until I arrived
2.  (intr; often foll by for or against) to present supporting or opposing reasons or cases in a dispute; reason
3.  (tr; may take a clause as object) to try to prove by presenting reasons; maintain
4.  (tr; often passive) to debate or discuss: the case was fully argued before agreement was reached
5.  (tr) to persuade: he argued me into going
6.  (tr) to give evidence of; suggest: her looks argue despair
 
[C14: from Old French arguer to assert, charge with, from Latin arguere to make clear, accuse; related to Latin argūtus clear, argentum silver]
 
'arguer
 
n

Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition
2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
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Etymonline
Word Origin & History

argue
c.1300, from O.Fr. arguer (12c.), from L. argutare "to prattle" freq. of arguere "to make clear, demonstrate," from PIE *argu-yo-, from base *arg- "to shine, be white, bright, clear" (see argent). Related: Arguable; arguably. Colloquial argufy is first attested 1751.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper
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Example sentences
Here I argue that other, more careful approaches are the best way forward.
Some economists argue that charging a small fee for the nets would increase the
  likelihood that they would be used appropriately.
But some economists argue inflation is heading higher.
Some argue that drug laws have no impact, because drugs are widely available.
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