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caledonia

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Cal⋅e⋅do⋅ni⋅a

  [kal-i-doh-nee-uh]
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–noun
1. Chiefly Literary. Scotland.
2. a female given name.
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
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Cal·e·do·ni·a   (kāl'ĭ-dō'nē-ə, -dōn'yə)   
Roman Britain north of the Antonine Wall, which stretched from the Firth of Forth to the Firth of Clyde. Today the term is used as a poetic appellation for all of Scotland.
Cal'e·do'ni·an adj. & n.
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Word Origin & History

Caledonia 
Roman name of part of northern Britain; since 18c, applied poetically to Scotland or the Scottish Highlands.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
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Encyclopedia

Caledonia

historical area of north Britain beyond Roman control, roughly corresponding to modern Scotland. It was inhabited by the tribe of Caledones (Calidones). The Romans first invaded the district under Agricola about AD 80 and later won a decisive battle at Mons Graupius. They established a legionary fortress at Inchtuthil (near Dunkeld, in Perth and Kinross district, Tayside region) as well as several auxiliary forts in strategic highland passes. But they were forced to evacuate Inchtuthil and all the sites north of the Earn River about AD 90 and all of Scotland during the rule of Trajan (AD 98-117).

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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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