1647, from Fr.,
campagne "open country," from O.Fr.
champagne "open country" (suited to military maneuvers), similar to It.
campagna, from L.L.
campania "level country," from L.
campus "a field" (see
campus). Old armies spent winters in quarters and took to the "open field" to seek battle in summer. Extension of meaning from military to political is Amer.Eng. 1809. The verb is first attested 1701.
| campaign |
noun |
| 1. | a race between candidates for elective office; "I managed his campaign for governor"; "he is raising money for a Senate run" [syn: political campaign] |
| 2. | a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end; "he supported populist campaigns"; "they worked in the cause of world peace"; "the team was ready for a drive toward the pennant"; "the movement to end slavery"; "contributed to the war effort" |
| 3. | several related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal (usually within geographical and temporal constraints) |
| 4. | an overland journey by hunters (especially in Africa) |
verb |
| 1. | run, stand, or compete for an office or a position; "Who's running for treasurer this year?" |
| 2. | exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for; "The liberal party pushed for reforms"; "She is crusading for women's rights"; "The Dean is pushing for his favorite candidate" [syn: crusade] |
| 3. | go on a campaign; go off to war |
the operations of an army while fighting in one area or for one purpose
Example:
the Burma campaign in the Second World War
| Arabic: | حَمْلَةٌ عَسْكَرِيَّه |
| Chinese (Simplified): | 战役 |
| Chinese (Traditional): | 戰役 |
| Czech: | tažení |
| Danish: | kampagne; felttog |
| Dutch: | veldtocht |
| Estonian: | kampaania |
| Finnish: | sotaretki |
| French: | campagne |
| German: | der Feldzug |
| Greek: | εκστρατεία |
| Hungarian: | hadjárat |
| Icelandic: | herferð |
| Indonesian: | perang |
| Italian: | campagna |
|
| Japanese: | 作戦 |
| Korean: | 군사 행동 |
| Latvian: | kampaņa; karagājiens |
| Lithuanian: | karo žygis, kampanija |
| Norwegian: | felttog, kampanje |
| Polish: | kampania |
| Portuguese (Brazil): | campanha |
| Portuguese (Portugal): | campanha |
| Romanian: | campanie |
| Russian: | кампания |
| Slovak: | ťaženie |
| Slovenian: | vojaški pohod |
| Spanish: | campaña |
| Swedish: | fälttåg |
| Turkish: | sefer, askerî harekât |
|
|
a series of organized actions in support of a cause
Example:
a campaign against smoking
| Arabic: | حَمْلَةٌ (سِياسِيَّه , * إعلامِيَّه) |
| Chinese (Simplified): | 运动 |
| Chinese (Traditional): | 運動 |
| Czech: | kampaň |
| Danish: | kampagne |
| Dutch: | campagne |
| Estonian: | kampaania |
| Finnish: | kampanja |
| French: | campagne |
| German: | die Kampagne |
| Greek: | εκστρατεία (π.χ. κατά του καπνίσματος) |
| Hungarian: | mozgalom, kampány |
| Icelandic: | herferð |
| Indonesian: | kampanye |
| Italian: | campagna |
|
| Japanese: | 運動 |
| Korean: | (정치·선거) 운동 |
| Latvian: | kampaņa |
| Lithuanian: | kampanija, vajus |
| Norwegian: | kampanje |
| Polish: | kampania |
| Portuguese (Brazil): | campanha |
| Portuguese (Portugal): | campanha |
| Romanian: | campanie |
| Russian: | кампания |
| Slovak: | kampaň |
| Slovenian: | kampanja |
| Spanish: | campaña |
| Swedish: | kampanj |
| Turkish: | kampanya |
|
|
to take part in a campaign
Example:
He has campaigned against smoking for years.
| Arabic: | يَقومُ بِحَمْلَةٍ |
| Chinese (Simplified): | 参加运动 |
| Chinese (Traditional): | 參加運動 |
| Czech: | agitovat |
| Danish: | føre en kampagne |
| Dutch: | campagne voeren |
| Estonian: | kampaaniast osa võtma |
| Finnish: | kampanjoida |
| French: | faire campagne |
| German: | zu Felde ziehen |
| Greek: | παίρνω μέρος σε εκστρατεία |
| Hungarian: | mozgalomban részt vesz; kampányol |
| Icelandic: | heyja baráttu fyrir, berjast |
| Indonesian: | berkampanye |
| Italian: | fare una campagna* |
|
| Japanese: | ～運動に参加する |
| Korean: | 운동을 하다 |
| Latvian: | sarīkot kampaņu; piedalīties kampaņā |
| Lithuanian: | vykdyti kampaniją, agituoti |
| Norwegian: | delta i et felttog, *kampanje, aksjonere |
| Polish: | prowadzić kampanię |
| Portuguese (Brazil): | fazer campanha |
| Portuguese (Portugal): | fazer campanha |
| Romanian: | a participa la o campanie |
| Russian: | проводить кампанию |
| Slovak: | viesť kampaň |
| Slovenian: | boriti se |
| Spanish: | hacer campaña |
| Swedish: | delta i (organisera) en kampanj |
| Turkish: | mücadele etmek |
|
|
Cam*paign"\, n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See
, and cf.
1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. See
. --Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field. --Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.
Cam*paign"\, v. i. To serve in a campaign.
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