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| a wave in which the direction of displacement is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, as a surface wave of water |
| the magnitude of an electric field at a point equal to the force that would be exerted on a small unit charge placed at the point |
| conservation of energy | |
| —n | |
| the principle that the total energy of any isolated system is constant and independent of any changes occurring within the system | |
| conservation of energy
A principle stating that the total energy of a closed system remains constant over time, regardless of other possible changes within the system. It is related to the symmetry of time invariance. See also invariance, thermodynamics. |