a component or phonetic form characterizing a phoneme
characterized by the absence of a distinctive phonological feature, such as (p) in contrast to (b), which lacks the distinctive feature of voicing
a star (*) used to mark utterance that would be considered ungrammatical or otherwise unacceptable by native speakers of a language
conforming to the rules of a language
the borrowing of linguistic forms by one language or dialect from another when both occupy a single geographical or cultural community
an area whose dialect has exerted influence on the dialects of surrounding areas, as reflected in an geography more or less concentrically surrounding it