Word Origin & History
Jupiter
c.1205, "supreme deity of the ancient Romans," from L. Iupeter, from PIE *dyeu-peter- "god-father" (originally vocative, "the name naturally occurring most frequently in invocations" -Tucker), from *deiw-os "god" (see divine (adj.)) + peter "father" in the sense of "male head of a household." Cf. Gk. Zeu pater, vocative of Zeus pater "Father Zeus;" Skt. Dyauspita "heavenly father." The planet name is attested from c.1290. Jupiter Pluvius "Jupiter as dispenser of rain" was used jocularly from 1864.