ca·liph also ca·lif or kha·lif (kā'lĭf, kāl'ĭf) n. A leader of an Islamic polity, regarded as a successor of Muhammad and by tradition always male.
[Middle English calife, from Old French, from Arabic ḫalīfa, successor (to Muhammad), caliph, from ḫalafa, to succeed; see ḫlp in Semitic roots.] ca'li·phal adj.
1393, from Arabic khalifa "successor," originally Abu-Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad in the role of leader of the faithful after the prophet's death. Caliphate "dominion of a caliph" is from 1614.