osteoclast

os·te·o·clast   (ŏs'tē-ə-klāst')    n.   A large multinucleate cell found in growing bone that resorbs bony tissue, as in the formation of canals and cavities. An instrument used in surgical osteoclasis. [osteo- + Medieval Latin -clastēs, breaker (from Late Greek -klastēs, from Greek klastos, broken, from klān, to break).] os'te·o·clas'tic adj.

Main Entry: os·teo·clast
Pronunciation: 'äs-tE-&-"klast
Function: noun
1 : any of the large multinucleate cells closelyassociated with areas of bone resorption (as in a fracture that is healing) —compare CHONDROCLAST
2 : an instrument for performing osteoclasis —os·teo·clas·tic /"äs-tE-&-'klas-tik/ adjective

osteoclast os·te·o·clast (ŏs'tē-ə-klāst')
n.

1. A large multinucleate cell found in growing bone that resorbs bony tissue, as in the formation of canals and cavities. Also called osteophage.

2. An instrument used in surgical osteoclasis.

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os'te·o·clas'tic adj.

osteoclast

large multinucleated cell responsible for the dissolution and absorption of bone. Bone is a dynamic tissue that is continuously being broken down and restructured in response to such influences as structural stress and the body's requirement for calcium. The osteoclasts are the mediators of the continuous destruction of bone. Osteoclasts occupy small depressions on the bone's surface, called Howship lacunae; the lacunae are thought to be caused by erosion of the bone by the osteoclasts' enzymes. Osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of many cells derived from circulating monocytes in the blood. These in turn are derived from the bone marrow. Osteoclasts may have as many as 200 nuclei, although most have only 5 to 20. The side of the cell closest to the bone contains many small projections (microvilli) that extend into the bone's surface, forming a ruffled, or brush, border that is the cell's active region. Osteoclasts produce a number of enzymes, chief among them acid phosphatase, that dissolve both the organic collagen and the inorganic calcium and phosphorus of the bone. Mineralized bone is first broken into fragments; the osteoclast then engulfs the fragments and digests them within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Calcium and phosphorus liberated by the breakdown of the mineralized bone are released into the bloodstream. Unmineralized bone (osteoid) is protected against osteoclastic resorption.

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