c.1260, "enclosed preserve for beasts of the chase," from O.Fr.
parc, probably ult. from W.Gmc.
*parruk "enclosed tract of land" (cf. O.E.
pearruc, root of
paddock (2), O.H.G.
pfarrih "fencing about, enclosure," Ger.
pferch "fold for sheep," Du.
park). Internal evidence suggests the W.Gmc. word is pre-4c. and originally meant the fencing, not the place enclosed. Found also in M.L.
parricus "enclosure, park" (8c.), which is likely the direct source of the O.Fr. word, as well as It.
parco, Sp.
parque, etc. Some claim the M.L. word as the source of the W.Gmc., but the reverse seems more likely. OED discounts notion of a Celtic origin. Welsh
parc, Gael.
pairc are from English. As a surname,
Parker "keeper of a park" is attested in Eng. from c.1145. Meaning "enclosed lot in or near a town, for public recreation" is first attested 1663, originally in ref. to London; the sense evolution is via royal parks in the original, hunting sense being overrun by the growth of London and being opened to the public. Applied to sporting fields in Amer.Eng. from 1867. New York's
Park Avenue as an adj. meaning "luxurious and fashionable" (1956) was preceded in the same sense by London's
Park Lane (1880).