projection definition | Dictionary.com

pro⋅jec⋅tion

[pruh-jek-shuh

–noun

1.	a projecting or protruding part.

2.	the state or fact of jutting out or protruding.

3.	a causing to jut or protrude.

4.	the act, process, or result of projecting.

5.	Cartography. a systematic construction of lines drawn on a plane surface representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth or celestial sphere.

Photography.

a.	the act of reproducing on a surface, by optical means, a remote image on a film, slide, etc.

b.	an image so reproduced.

7.	the act of visualizing and regarding an idea or the like as an objective reality.

8.	something that is so visualized and regarded.

9.	calculation of some future thing: They fell short of their projection for the rate of growth.

10.	the act of communicating distinctly and forcefully to an audience.

11.

Psychology.

a.	the tendency to ascribe to another person feelings, thoughts, or attitudes present in oneself, or to regard external reality as embodying such feelings, thoughts, etc., in some way.

b.	Psychoanalysis. such an ascription relieving the ego of a sense of guilt or other intolerable feeling.

12.	the act of planning or scheming.

13.	Alchemy. the casting of the powder of philosophers' stone upon metal in fusion, to transmute it into gold or silver.

Origin:
1470–80; < L prōjectiōn- (s. of prōjectiō) a throwing forward. See project, -ion

Related forms:

pro⋅jec⋅tion⋅al [pruh-jek-shuh-nl]

, adjective

Synonyms:
1. jut, overhang, protrusion. 9. prediction.

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2009.
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Link To projection

pro·jec·tion (prə-jěk'shən)

The act of projecting or the condition of being projected.
A thing or part that extends outward beyond a prevailing line or surface: spiky projections on top of a fence; a projection of land along the coast.
A plan for an anticipated course of action: "facilities [that] are vital to the projection of U.S. force . . . in the Pacific" (Alan D. Romberg).
A prediction or an estimate of something in the future, based on present data or trends.
1. The process of projecting an image onto a screen or other surface for viewing.
2. An image so projected.
3. The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or suppositions to others: "Even trained anthropologists have been guilty of unconscious projection—of clothing the subjects of their research in theories brought with them into the field" (Alex Shoumatoff).
4. The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or desires to someone or something as a naive or unconscious defense against anxiety or guilt.
Mathematics The image of a geometric figure reproduced on a line, plane, or surface.
A system of intersecting lines, such as the grid of a map, on which part or all of the globe or another spherical surface is represented as a plane surface.
Psychology
1. The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or suppositions to others: "Even trained anthropologists have been guilty of unconscious projection—of clothing the subjects of their research in theories brought with them into the field" (Alex Shoumatoff).
2. The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or desires to someone or something as a naive or unconscious defense against anxiety or guilt.

pro·jec'tion·al adj.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Projection

Pro*jec"tion\, n. [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.]

1. The act of throwing or shooting forward.

2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.

3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan. --Davenant.

4. (Persp.) The representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.

5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.

Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.

Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere.

Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular, Gnomonic, etc.

Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio as on the sphere itself.

Oblique projection, a projection made by parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane of projection obliquely.

Polar projection, a projection of the sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of projection passes through one of the polar circles.

Powder of projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a crucible or other vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby transmuted into gold.

Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the point.

Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from the extremities of the given line.

Syn: See Protuberance.

Main Entry: pro·jec·tion
Pronunciation: pr&-'jek-sh&n
Function: noun
1 a : the process or technique of reproducing a spatialobject or a section of such an object upon a plane or curved surface b : a diagram or figure formed by projection;especially : VIEW
2 a : the act of referring a mental image constructed by the brain from bits of data collected by the senseorgans to the actual source of stimulation outside the body b : the attribution of one's own ideas, feelings, or attitudes to other people or to objects; especially : the externalization of blame, guilt, or responsibility as a defense against anxiety
3 : the functional correspondence and connection of parts of the cerebral cortex with parts ofthe organism projection of the retina upon the visual area>

projection pro·jec·tion (prə-jěk'shən)
n.

The act of projecting or the condition of being projected.
The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or suppositions to others.
The attribution of one's own attitudes, feelings, or desires to someone or something as a naive or unconscious defense against anxiety or guilt.
The localization of visual impressions to a point in space relative to the person who is doing the viewing: straight ahead, right, left, above, or below.
Any of the systems of nerve fibers by which a group of nerve cells discharges its nerve impulses to one or more other cell groups.

projection (prə-jěk'shən) Pronunciation Key

The image of a geometric figure reproduced on a line, plane, or surface.
A system of intersecting lines, such as the grid of a map, on which part or all of the globe or another spherical surface is represented as a plane surface. See more at azimuthal projection , conic projection , cylindrical projection.

projection theory
In domain theory, a function, f, which is (a) idempotent, i.e. f(f(x))=f(x) and (b) whose result is no more defined than its argument. E.g. F(x)=bottom or F(x)=x.
In reduction systems, a function which returns some component of its argument. E.g. head, tail, \ (x,y) . x. In a graph reduction system the function can just return a pointer to part of its argument and does not need to build any new graph.
(1997-01-29)

projection

in cartography, systematic representation on a flat surface of features of a curved surface, as that of the Earth. Such a representation presents an obvious problem but one that did not disturb ancient or medieval cartographers. Only when the voyages of exploration stimulated production of maps showing entire oceans, hemispheres, and the whole Earth did the question of projection come to the fore. Mercator produced the simplest and, for its purposes, the best solution by in effect converting the spherical Earth into a cylinder with the open ends at the poles; this cylinder was then opened to form a plane surface. East-west and north-south directions could be represented with fidelity, and the distortions in size became gross only near the polar regions (rendering Greenland, for example, disproportionately large). The Mercator projection is still widely used, especially when north-south dimensions are of chief importance. Many other projections are used, for example, the conic projection, drawn from a point directly above the North or South Pole. All projections involve some degree of distortion, and those showing the entire Earth involve a large degree

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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
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