1531, from M.Fr.
rufian "a pimp," from It.
ruffiano "a pander, pimp," of uncertain origin, perhaps from a Gmc. source related to
rough (q.v.), but Du.
roffiaan, Ger.
Ruffian are said to be from French. Eng. meaning may have been influenced by similarity of sound to
rough. The Romanic words (e.g. M.L.
ruffianus, Prov.
rufian, Catalan
rufia, Sp.
rufian) preserve the sense of "protector or owner of whores." For sense evolution in Eng., cf.
bully.