c.1386, "small vessel used in assaying precious metals," from O.Fr.
test, from L.
testum "earthen pot," related to
testa "piece of burned clay, earthen pot, shell" (cf. L.
testudo "tortoise") and
textere "to weave" (cf. Lith.
tistas "vessel made of willow twigs;" see
texture). Sense of "trial or examination to determine the correctness of something" is recorded from 1594. The verb in this sense is from 1748. The connecting notion is "ascertaining the quality of a metal by melting it in a pot."
Test-tube is from 1846;
test-tube baby is recorded from 1935.
Test Act was the name given to various laws in Eng. history meant to exclude Catholics and Nonconformists from office, especially that of 1673, repealed 1828.
Test drive (v.) is first recorded 1954.