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Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This

ortho-

1.	a combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek, where it meant “straight,” “upright,” “right,” “correct” (orthodox) and on this model used in the formation of compound words (orthopedic).

Chemistry.

a.	a combining form used in the name of that acid in a given series of acids that contains the most water (orthoboric acid). Compare meta-, pyro-.

a combining form used in the names of the salts of these acids: if the acid ends in -ic, the corresponding salt ends in -ate (orthoboric acid (H₃BO₃) and potassium orthoborate (K₃BO₃)); if the acid ends in -ous, the corresponding salt ends in -ite (orthoantimonous acid (H₃SbO₃) and potassium orthoantimonite (K₃SbO₃)).

Also, especially before a vowel, orth-.

[Origin: < Gk, comb. form of orthós straight, upright, correct

]

Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.

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Ortho-

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American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

ortho- or orth-
pref.

Straight; upright; vertical: orthotropous.
Perpendicular: orthorhombic.
Correct; correction: orthopsychiatry.
The most fully hydrated form of an acid or of its salts: orthoboric acid.
Diatomic molecules in which the nuclei have the same spin direction: orthohydrogen.
Of or relating to one of three possible isomers of a benzene ring with two attached chemical groups in which the carbon atoms with attached groups are adjacent: ortho-dibromobenzene.

[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin, from Greek, from orthos, straight, correct, right.]

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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
ortho-

a comb. element in forming scientific and technical words, from Gk. ortho-, stem of orthos "straight, true, correct, regular," from PIE *eredh- "high" (cf. Skt. urdhvah "high, lofty, steep," L. arduus "high, steep," O.Ir. ard "high").

American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

ortho- or orth-
pref.

Straight; upright; vertical: orthotropic.
Correct; correction: orthopsychiatry.
Hydrated form of an acid or of its salts: orthoboric acid.
Diatomic molecules in which the nuclei have the same direction of spin: orthohydrogen.
ortho-
Abbr. o- Of or relating to one of three possible isomers of a benzene ring with adjacent carbon atoms having attached chemical groups. Usually used in italic: ortho-dibromobenzene.

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Main Entry: orth-
Variant: or ortho-
Function: prefix
1 : hydrated or hydroxylated to the highest degree <orthophosphoric acid>
2 : involving substitution at or characterized by or having the relationship of two neighboring positions in the benzene ring —abbreviation o- <ortho-xylene or o-xylene>; —compare META- 2 PARA- 2

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Main Entry: ²ortho
Function: adjective
: ORTHOCHROMATIC

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Main Entry: ¹or·tho
Pronunciation: 'or-(")thO
Function: adjective
1 : derived from or being an acid in the highest hydrated or hydroxylated form known
2 : relating to, characterized by, or being two neighboring positions in the benzene ring

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Met"a-\, Met- \Met-\ [Gr. ? between, with, after; akin to AS. mid with, G. mit, Goth. mi[thorn], E. mid, in midwife.]

1. A prefix meaning between, with, after, behind, over, about, reversely; as, metachronism, the error of placing after the correct time; metaphor, lit., a carrying over; metathesis, a placing reversely.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Other; duplicate, corresponding to; resembling; hence, metameric; as, meta-arabinic, metaldehyde. (b) (Organic Chem.) That two replacing radicals, in the benzene nucleus, occupy the relative positions of 1 and 3, 2 and 4, 3 and 5, 4 and 6, 5 and 1, or 6 and 2; as, metacresol, etc. See Ortho-, and Para-. (c) (Inorganic Chem.) Having less than the highest number of hydroxyl groups; -- said of acids; as, metaphosphoric acid. Also used adjectively.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Or"tho-\ [Gr. ? straight; akin to Skr. ?rdhva upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]

1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.

2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.

Note: In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Or"tho*dox\, a. [L. orthodoxus, Gr. 'orqo`doxos; 'orqo`s right, true + do`xa opinion, dokei^n to think, seem; cf. F. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.]

1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to heretical and heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian.

2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc.

3. Approved; conventional.

He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. --H. R. Haweis.

Note: The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. --Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Or"tho*["e]*py\, n. [Gr. ?; 'orqo`s right + ? a word: cf. F. ortho['e]pie. See Ortho-, and Epic.] The art of uttering words correctly; a correct pronunciation of words; also, mode of pronunciation.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Or*thog"ra*phy\, n. [OE. ortographie, OF. orthographie, L. orthographia, Gr. ?, fr. ? writing correctly; 'orqo`s right + gra`fein to write. See Ortho-, and Graphic.]

1. The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.

When spelling no longer follows the pronunciation, but is hardened into orthography. --Earle.

2. The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.

3. A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Or*thop"o*da\, n. pl. [NL. See Ortho-, and -poda.] (Zo["o]l.) An extinct order of reptiles which stood erect on the hind legs, and resembled birds in the structure of the feet, pelvis, and other parts.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This

Ortho-

Par"a-\ [Gr. ? beside; prob. akin to E. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.]

1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively.

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