a substance made from wood pulp, rags, straw, or other fibrous material, usually in thin sheets, used to bear writing or printing, for wrapping things, etc.
2.
a piece, sheet, or leaf of this.
3.
something resembling this substance, as papyrus.
4.
a written or printed document or the like.
5.
stationery; writing paper.
6.
a newspaper or journal.
7.
an essay, article, or dissertation on a particular topic: a paper on early Mayan artifacts.
8.
Often, papers.a document establishing or verifying identity, status, or the like: citizenship papers.
9.
negotiable notes, bills, etc., as commercial paper or paper money: Only silver, please, no paper.
a sheet or card of paper with pins or needles stuck through it in rows.
15.
a set of questions for an examination, an individual set of written answers to them, or any written piece of schoolwork.
16.
Slang. a free pass to an entertainment.
–verb (used with object)
17.
to cover with wallpaper or apply wallpaper to: They papered the bedroom last summer.
18.
to line or cover with paper.
19.
to distribute handbills, posters, etc., throughout: to paper a neighborhood with campaign literature.
20.
to fold, enclose, or wrap in paper.
21.
to supply with paper.
22.
Informal. to deluge with documents, esp. those requiring one to comply with certain technical procedures, as a means of legal harassment: He papered the plaintiff to force a settlement.
23.
Slang. to fill (a theater or the like) with spectators by giving away free tickets or passes.
24.
Archaic.
a.
to write or set down on paper.
b.
to describe in writing.
–verb (used without object)
25.
to apply wallpaper to walls.
–adjective
26.
made of paper or paperlike material: a paper bag.
27.
paperlike; thin, flimsy, or frail.
28.
of, pertaining to, or noting routine clerical duties.
29.
pertaining to or carried on by means of letters, articles, books, etc.: a paper war.
30.
written or printed on paper.
31.
existing in theory or principle only and not in reality: paper profits.
32.
indicating the first event of a series, as a wedding anniversary.
33.
Slang. including many patrons admitted on free passes, as an audience for a theatrical performance: It's a paper house tonight.
—Verb phrase
34.
paper over, to patch up or attempt to conceal (a difference, disagreement, etc.) so as to preserve a friendship, present a unified opinion, etc.: to paper over a dispute.
—Idiom
35.
on paper,
a.
in written or printed form.
b.
in theory rather than in practice.
c.
existing only in a preliminary state; in a plan or design: The university building program is still only on paper.
A material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood, rags, and certain grasses, processed into flexible sheets or rolls by deposit from an aqueous suspension, and used chiefly for writing, printing, drawing, wrapping, and covering walls.
A single sheet of this material.
One or more sheets of paper bearing writing or printing, especially:
A formal written composition intended to be published, presented, or read aloud; a scholarly essay or treatise.
A piece of written work for school; a report or theme.
An official document, especially one establishing the identity of the bearer. Often used in the plural.
A free pass to a theater.
The audience admitted with free passes.
papers A collection of letters, diaries, and other writings, especially by one person: the Madison papers.
Commercial documents that represent value and can be transferred from owner to owner; negotiable instruments considered as a group: "billions more invested in American stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, and other paper"(Christian Science Monitor).
A newspaper.
Wallpaper.
A wrapper made of paper, often with its contents: a paper of pins.
Slang
A free pass to a theater.
The audience admitted with free passes.
tr.v.
pa·pered, pa·per·ing, pa·pers
To cover, wrap, or line with paper.
To cover with wallpaper.
To supply with paper.
Slang To issue free passes for (a theater, for example).
To construct (something) in haste and with little forethought: papered together a new coalition of political convenience.
adj.
Made of paper.
Resembling paper, as in thinness or flimsiness.
Of or relating to clerical work: paper duties.
Existing only in printed or written form: paper profits; a paper corporation.
Planned but not realized; theoretical.
Phrasal Verb(s): paper over
To put or keep out of sight; conceal: paper over a deficit with accounting gimmicks.
To downplay or gloss over (differences, for example), especially in order to maintain a nominal, apparent, or temporary unity.
Idiom(s):
in paper
With a paperback binding; as a paperback.
Idiom(s):
on paper
In writing or print.
In theory, as opposed to actual performance or fact: It is a good team on paper, but its members play poorly together.
[Middle English, from Old French papier, from Latin papȳrus, papyrus plant, papyrus paper, from Greek papūros.]
1341, from Anglo-Fr. paper, from O.Fr. papier, from L. papyrus "paper, paper made of papyrus stalks" (see papyrus). As shortened form of newspaper, first attested 1642. In plural, "collection of papers to establish one's identity, credentials, etc.," it is attested from 1685. The verb meaning "to decorate a room with paper hangings" is attested from 1774. Paperback is from 1899. Paperless is attested from 1971. Paper chase is British slang from 1932. Paper tiger (1952) translates Chinese tsuh lao fu, popularized by Mao Zedong.
the material on which these words are written, made from wood, rags etc and used for writing, printing, wrapping parcels etc Example: I need paper and a pen to write a letter; (also adjective) a paper bag
Arabic:
وَرَق
Chinese (Simplified):
纸
Chinese (Traditional):
紙
Czech:
papír(ový)
Danish:
papir; papir-
Dutch:
papier
Estonian:
paber
Finnish:
paperi
French:
(en, *de) papier
German:
das Papier, Papier-…
Greek:
χαρτί
Hungarian:
papír
Icelandic:
pappír
Indonesian:
kertas
Italian:
carta; di carta*
Japanese:
紙
Korean:
종이
Latvian:
papīrs
Lithuanian:
popierius
Norwegian:
papir
Polish:
papier
Portuguese (Brazil):
papel
Portuguese (Portugal):
papel
Romanian:
(de, *din) hârtie
Russian:
бумага
Slovak:
papier; papierový
Slovenian:
papir; papirnat
Spanish:
papel
Swedish:
papper
Turkish:
(boş) kâğıt
paper2[ˈpeipə]noun
a single (often printed or typed) piece of this Example: There were papers all over his desk.
Arabic:
وَرَقَه، قِطعَة وَرَق
Chinese (Simplified):
一张纸
Chinese (Traditional):
一張紙
Czech:
list papíru
Danish:
papir
Dutch:
blad papier
Estonian:
paber
Finnish:
paperi
French:
(feuille de) papier
German:
das Papier
Greek:
φύλλο χαρτιού
Hungarian:
papírlapok; írások
Icelandic:
(pappírs)blað
Indonesian:
kertas
Italian:
(foglio di) carta*
Japanese:
書類
Korean:
한 장의 종이
Latvian:
dokuments
Lithuanian:
raštas, dokumentas, pranešimas
Norwegian:
ark, blad, stykke papir
Polish:
papier
Portuguese (Brazil):
papel
Portuguese (Portugal):
papel
Romanian:
(foaie de) hârtie
Russian:
лист бумаги
Slovak:
list papiera
Slovenian:
papir
Spanish:
papel
Swedish:
papper
Turkish:
(yazılı) kâğıt
paper3[ˈpeipə]noun
a newspaper Example: Have you read the paper?
Arabic:
جَريدَه، صَحيفَه
Chinese (Simplified):
报纸
Chinese (Traditional):
報紙
Czech:
noviny
Danish:
avis
Dutch:
krant
Estonian:
ajaleht
Finnish:
sanomalehti
French:
journal
German:
die Zeitung
Greek:
εφημερίδα
Hungarian:
újság
Icelandic:
dagblað
Indonesian:
surat kabar
Italian:
giornale
Japanese:
新聞
Korean:
신문
Latvian:
laikraksts
Lithuanian:
laikraštis
Norwegian:
avis
Polish:
gazeta
Portuguese (Brazil):
jornal
Portuguese (Portugal):
jornal
Romanian:
ziar
Russian:
газета
Slovak:
noviny
Slovenian:
časopis
Spanish:
periódico
Swedish:
tidning
Turkish:
gazete
paper4[ˈpeipə]noun
a group of questions for a written examination Example: The Latin paper was very difficult.
Arabic:
وَرَقة أسئِلَة إمتحان
Chinese (Simplified):
考卷
Chinese (Traditional):
考卷
Czech:
písemka, test
Danish:
skriftlig eksamensopgave
Dutch:
schriftelijke test
Estonian:
kirjaliku eksami küsimused
Finnish:
koe
French:
épreuve
German:
die Prüfungsarbeit
Greek:
γραπτή εξέταση
Hungarian:
dolgozat, írásbeli (vizsga)
Icelandic:
(skriflegt) próf
Indonesian:
ujian tertulis
Italian:
compito, esame
Japanese:
筆記試験
Korean:
시험 문제
Latvian:
(eksāmena) biļete
Lithuanian:
egzaminas raštu, testas
Norwegian:
prøve, oppgave, stil
Polish:
test, egzamin
Portuguese (Brazil):
exame escrito
Portuguese (Portugal):
exame
Romanian:
lucrare (scrisă)
Russian:
экзаменационная работа
Slovak:
písomka, test
Slovenian:
naloga
Spanish:
examen
Swedish:
skriftligt prov
Turkish:
sınav
paper5[ˈpeipə]noun
(in plural) documents proving one's identity, nationality etc Example: The policeman demanded my papers.
Main Entry: pa·per Function: noun 1: a piece of paper containing a written statement: as a: a formal written composition or document often
intended for publication <the Federalist papers> b: a document containing a statement of legal status, identity, authority, or ownership —often used in pl.
whether applying to one or more items <naturalization papers> <this policy, including the endorsements and the attached papers —Mutual of Omaha>
c: a document (as an answer, motion, or brief) prepared in furtherance of a legal action <all papers after the complaint required to be served upon a party shall be
filed with the court —Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 5(d)> 2: a document providing evidence of a financial obligation; especially:COMMERCIAL PAPER in this entry
accommodation paper : commercial paper used by one party to accommodate
another partybearer paper : commercial paper that is freely negotiable by the holder and is made payable to bearer —compare ORDER PAPER in this entrychattel paper : paper that sets out both a buyer's obligation to repay and a
lender's or a seller's security interest in the goods bought or that contains the provisions of a lease of the goodscommercial paper : a usually negotiable instrument (as a note,
draft, or certificate of deposit) arising out of a commercial transaction; specifically: any of the instruments constituting the obligations of a business organization that are sold as
investmentsorder paper : commercial paper that is payable to order —compare BEARER PAPER in this
entry—on paper: figured at face value
At"las\, n.; pl. Atlases. [L. Atlas, -antis, Gr. ?, ?, one of the older family of gods, who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. Atlas, in W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of ? to bear. See Tolerate.]1. One who sustains a great burden. 2. (Anat.) The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name. 3. A collection of maps in a volume; Note: supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century. 4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject. 5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical atlas. 6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; -- called also atlas folio. 7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. Atlas powder, a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power.
Bas"tard\, n. [OF. bastard, bastart, F. b?tard, prob. fr. OF. bast, F. b?t, a packsaddle used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. bastum) + -ard. OF. fils de bast son of the packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles for beds in the inns. See Cervantes, "Don Quixote," chap. 16; and cf.G. bankert, fr. bank bench.]1. A "natural" child; a child begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born of an illicit union. Note: By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many of the United States, a bastard becomes a legitimate child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time. But by those of England, and of some states of the United States, a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after the lawful marriage. --Kent. Blackstone. 2. (Sugar Refining) (a) An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups that ? already had several boilings. (b) A large size of mold, in which sugar is drained. 3. A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in flavor. Brown bastard is your only drink. --Shak. 4. A writing paper of a particular size. See Paper.
Cop"y\ (k[o^]p"[y^]), n.; pl. Copies (-[i^]z). [F. copie, fr. L. copia abundance, number, LL. also, a transcript; co- + the root of opes riches. See Opulent, and cf. Copious.]1. An abundance or plenty of anything. [Obs.] She was blessed with no more copy of wit, but to serve his humor thus. --B. Jonson. 2. An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original work; as, a copy of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or a statue. I have not the vanity to think my copy equal to the original. --Denham. 3. An individual book, or a single set of books containing the works of an author; as, a copy of the Bible; a copy of the works of Addison. 4. That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are an excellent copy for imitation. Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the letters. --Holder. 5. (print.) Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in type; as, the printers are calling for more copy. 6. A writing paper of a particular size. Same as Bastard. See under Paper. 7. Copyhold; tenure; lease. [Obs.] --Shak. Copy book, a book in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate. Examined copies (Law), those which have been compared with the originals. Exemplified copies, those which are attested under seal of a court. Certified or Officecopies, those which are made or attested by officers having charge of the originals, and authorized to give copies officially. --Abbot. Syn: Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.
Crown\ (kroun), n. [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF. corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath; akin to Gr. korw`nh anything curved, crown; cf. also L. curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf. Cornice, Corona, Coroner, Coronet.]1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown." --Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible. --1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. --Rev. ii. 10. 2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones. 3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. --Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. --Macaulay. 4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. --Junius. 5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. --Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. --Prov. xvi. 4. 6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. --Milton. 7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. --Dryden. 8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. --Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. --Bunyan. 9. The part of a hat above the brim. 10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. 11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. 12. (Bot.) Same as Corona. 13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. --Totten. 14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. 15. The dome of a furnace. 16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. 17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. 18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. 19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. 20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. Crown antler (Zo["o]l.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. Crown glass. See under Glass. Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels." --Milton. Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] Crown octavo. See under Paper. Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. Crown paper. See under Paper. Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. Crown shell. (Zo["o]l.) See Acorn-shell. Crown side. See Crown office. Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. --1 Macc. x. 20. Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.
Crown\ (kroun), n. [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF. corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath; akin to Gr. korw`nh anything curved, crown; cf. also L. curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf. Cornice, Corona, Coroner, Coronet.]1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown." --Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible. --1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. --Rev. ii. 10. 2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones. 3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. --Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. --Macaulay. 4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. --Junius. 5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. --Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. --Prov. xvi. 4. 6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. --Milton. 7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. --Dryden. 8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. --Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. --Bunyan. 9. The part of a hat above the brim. 10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. 11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. 12. (Bot.) Same as Corona. 13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. --Totten. 14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. 15. The dome of a furnace. 16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. 17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. 18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. 19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. 20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. Crown antler (Zo["o]l.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. Crown glass. See under Glass. Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels." --Milton. Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] Crown octavo. See under Paper. Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. Crown paper. See under Paper. Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. Crown shell. (Zo["o]l.) See Acorn-shell. Crown side. See Crown office. Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. --1 Macc. x. 20. Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.
Crown\ (kroun), n. [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF. corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath; akin to Gr. korw`nh anything curved, crown; cf. also L. curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf. Cornice, Corona, Coroner, Coronet.]1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown." --Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible. --1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. --Rev. ii. 10. 2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc. Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones. 3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; -- with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. --Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. --Macaulay. 4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. --Junius. 5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. --Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. --Prov. xvi. 4. 6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. --Milton. 7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. --Dryden. 8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. --Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. --Bunyan. 9. The part of a hat above the brim. 10. (Anat.) The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth. 11. (Arch.) The vertex or top of an arch; -- applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only. 12. (Bot.) Same as Corona. 13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl. The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. --Totten. 14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond. 15. The dome of a furnace. 16. (Geom.) The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters. 17. (Eccl.) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure. 18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper. 19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents. 20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious circle around the true circle of the sun. Crown antler (Zo["o]l.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler; also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the rim. Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of steam-boiler furnace. Crown glass. See under Glass. Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary. Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown jewels." --Milton. Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the sovereign. Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.] Crown octavo. See under Paper. Crown office. See in the Vocabulary. Crown paper. See under Paper. Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary. Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne. Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary. Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a horse's hoof. Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or fire box of an internally fired steam boiler. Crown shell. (Zo["o]l.) See Acorn-shell. Crown side. See Crown office. Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of the Maccabees. --1 Macc. x. 20. Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary. Crown work. See in the Vocabulary. Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.
De*my"\, n.; pl. Demies. [See Demi-.]1. A printing and a writing paper of particular sizes. See under Paper. 2. A half fellow at Magdalen College, Oxford. [Written also demi.] He was elected into Magdalen College as a demy; a term by which that society denominates those elsewhere called "scholars," young men who partake of the founder's benefaction, and succeed in their order to vacant fellowships. --Johnson.
El"e*phant\, n. [OE. elefaunt, olifant, OF. olifant, F. ['e]l['e]phant, L. elephantus, elephas, -antis, fr. Gr. ?, ?; of unknown origin; perh. fr. Skr. ibha, with the Semitic article al, el, prefixed, or fr. Semitic Aleph hindi Indian bull; or cf. Goth. ulbandus camel, AS. olfend.]1. (Zo["o]l.) A mammal of the order Proboscidia, of which two living species, Elephas Indicus and E. Africanus, and several fossil species, are known. They have a proboscis or trunk, and two large ivory tusks proceeding from the extremity of the upper jaw, and curving upwards. The molar teeth are large and have transverse folds. Elephants are the largest land animals now existing. 2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. [Obs.] --Dryden. Elephant apple (Bot.), an East Indian fruit with a rough, hard rind, and edible pulp, borne by Feronia elephantum, a large tree related to the orange. Elephant bed (Geol.), at Brighton, England, abounding in fossil remains of elephants. --Mantell. Elephant beetle (Zo["o]l.), any very large beetle of the genus Goliathus (esp. G. giganteus), of the family Scarab[ae]id[ae]. They inhabit West Africa. Elephant fish (Zo["o]l.), a chim[ae]roid fish (Callorhynchus antarcticus), with a proboscis-like projection of the snout. Elephant paper, paper of large size, 23 [times] 28 inches. Double elephant paper, paper measuring 263/4 [times] 40 inches. See Note under Paper. Elephant seal (Zo["o]l.), an African jumping shrew (Macroscelides typicus), having a long nose like a proboscis. Elephant's ear (Bot.), a name given to certain species of the genus Begonia, which have immense one-sided leaves. Elephant's foot (Bot.) (a) A South African plant (Testudinaria Elephantipes), which has a massive rootstock covered with a kind of bark cracked with deep fissures; -- called also tortoise plant. The interior part is barely edible, whence the plant is also called Hottentot's bread. (b) A genus (Elephantopus) of coarse, composite weeds. Elephant's tusk (Zo["o]l.), the tooth shell. See Dentalium.
Em"er*y\, n. [F. ['e]meri, earlier ['e]meril, It. smeriglio, fr. Gr. ?, ?, ?, cf. ? to wipe; perh. akin to E. smear. Cf. Emeril.] (Min.) Corundum in the form of grains or powder, used in the arts for grinding and polishing hard substances. Native emery is mixed with more or less magnetic iron. See the Note under Corundum. Emery board, cardboard pulp mixed with emery and molded into convenient. Emery cloth or paper, cloth or paper on which the powder of emery is spread and glued for scouring and polishing. Emery wheel, a wheel containing emery, or having a surface of emery. In machine shops, it is sometimes called a buff wheel, and by the manufacturers of cutlery, a glazer.
Em"per*or\, n. [OF. empereor, empereour, F. empereur, L. imperator, fr. imperare to command; in in + parare to prepare, order. See Parade, and cf. Imperative, Empress.] The sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire; -- a title of dignity superior to that of king; as, the emperor of Germany or of Austria; the emperor or Czar of Russia. Emperor goose (Zo["o]l.), a large and handsome goose (Philacte canagica), found in Alaska. Emperor moth (Zo["o]l.), one of several large and beautiful bombycid moths, with transparent spots on the wings; as the American Cecropia moth (Platysamia cecropia), and the European species (Saturnia pavonia). Emperor paper. See under Paper. Purple emperor (Zo["o]l.), a large, strong British butterfly (Apatura iris).
Flat\, a. [Compar. Flatter; superl. Flattest.] [Akin to Icel. flatr, Sw. flat, Dan. flad, OHG. flaz, and AS. flet floor, G. fl["o]tz stratum, layer.]1. Having an even and horizontal surface, or nearly so, without prominences or depressions; level without inclination; plane. Though sun and moon Were in the flat sea sunk. --Milton. 2. Lying at full length, or spread out, upon the ground; level with the ground or earth; prostrate; as, to lie flat on the ground; hence, fallen; laid low; ruined; destroyed. What ruins kingdoms, and lays cities flat! --Milton. I feel . . . my hopes all flat. --Milton. 3. (Fine Arts) Wanting relief; destitute of variety; without points of prominence and striking interest. A large part of the work is, to me, very flat. --Coleridge. 4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; insipid; dead; as, fruit or drink flat to the taste. 5. Unanimated; dull; uninteresting; without point or spirit; monotonous; as, a flat speech or composition. How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world. --Shak. 6. Lacking liveliness of commercial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; as, the market is flat. 7. Clear; unmistakable; peremptory; absolute; positive; downright. Flat burglary as ever was committed. --Shak. A great tobacco taker too, -- that's flat. --Marston. 8. (Mus.) (a) Below the true pitch; hence, as applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half step; as, a flat seventh; A flat. (b) Not sharp or shrill; not acute; as, a flat sound. 9. (Phonetics) Sonant; vocal; -- applied to any one of the sonant or vocal consonants, as distinguished from a nonsonant (or sharp) consonant. Flat arch. (Arch.) See under Arch, n., 2. (b). Flat cap, cap paper, not folded. See under Paper. Flat chasing, in fine art metal working, a mode of ornamenting silverware, etc., producing figures by dots and lines made with a punching tool. --Knight. Flat chisel, a sculptor's chisel for smoothing. Flat file, a file wider than its thickness, and of rectangular section. See File. Flat nail, a small, sharp-pointed, wrought nail, with a flat, thin head, larger than a tack. --Knight. Flat paper, paper which has not been folded. Flat rail, a railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar spiked to a longitudinal sleeper. Flat rods (Mining), horizontal or inclined connecting rods, for transmitting motion to pump rods at a distance. --Raymond. Flat rope, a rope made by plaiting instead of twisting; gasket; sennit. Note: Some flat hoisting ropes, as for mining shafts, are made by sewing together a number of ropes, making a wide, flat band. --Knight. Flat space. (Geom.) See Euclidian space. Flat stitch, the process of wood engraving. [Obs.] -- Flat tint (Painting), a coat of water color of one uniform shade. To fall flat (Fig.), to produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect; as, his speech fell flat. Of all who fell by saber or by shot, Not one fell half so flat as Walter Scott. --Lord Erskine.
Fol"io\, n.; pl. Folios. [Ablative of L. folium leaf. See 4th Foil.]1. A leaf of a book or manuscript. 2. A sheet of paper once folded. 3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper. 4. (Print.) The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right-hand. 5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number. 6. (Law) A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words. Folio post, a flat writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.
Fools"cap`\, n. [So called from the watermark of a fool's cap and bells used by old paper makers. See Fool's cap, under Fool.] A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See Paper.
Fos"sil\, a. [L. fossilis, fr. fodere to dig: cf. F. fossile. See Fosse.]1. Dug out of the earth; as, fossil coal; fossil salt. 2. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks, whether petrified or not; as, fossil plants, shells. Fossil copal, a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth. Fossil cork, flax, paper, or wood, varieties of amianthus. Fossil farina, a soft carbonate of lime. Fossil ore, fossiliferous red hematite. --Raymond.
Let"ter\, n. [OE. lettre, F. lettre, OF. letre, fr. L. littera, litera, a letter; pl., an epistle, a writing, literature, fr. linere, litum, to besmear, to spread or rub over; because one of the earliest modes of writing was by graving the characters upon tablets smeared over or covered with wax. --Pliny, xiii. 11. See Liniment, and cf. Literal.]1. A mark or character used as the representative of a sound, or of an articulation of the human organs of speech; a first element of written language. And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew. --Luke xxiii. 38. 2. A written or printed communication; a message expressed in intelligible characters on something adapted to conveyance, as paper, parchment, etc.; an epistle. The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural. --Walsh. 3. A writing; an inscription. [Obs.] None could expound what this letter meant. --Chaucer. 4. Verbal expression; literal statement or meaning; exact signification or requirement. We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver. --Jer. Taylor. I broke the letter of it to keep the sense. --Tennyson. 5. (Print.) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type. Under these buildings . . . was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed. --Evelyn. 6. pl. Learning; erudition; as, a man of letters. 7. pl. A letter; an epistle. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Dead letter, Drop letter, etc. See under Dead, Drop, etc. Letter book, a book in which copies of letters are kept. Letter box, a box for the reception of letters to be mailed or delivered. Letter carrier, a person who carries letters; a postman; specif., an officer of the post office who carries letters to the persons to whom they are addressed, and collects letters to be mailed. Letter cutter, one who engraves letters or letter punches. Letter lock, a lock that can not be opened when fastened, unless certain movable lettered rings or disks forming a part of it are in such a position (indicated by a particular combination of the letters) as to permit the bolt to be withdrawn. A strange lock that opens with AMEN. --Beau. & Fl. Letter paper, paper for writing letters on; especially, a size of paper intermediate between note paper and foolscap. See Paper. Letter punch, a steel punch with a letter engraved on the end, used in making the matrices for type. Letters of administration (Law), the instrument by which an administrator or administratrix is authorized to administer the goods and estate of a deceased person. Letter of attorney, Letter of credit, etc. See under Attorney, Credit, etc. Letter of license, a paper by which creditors extend a debtor's time for paying his debts. Letters close or clause (Eng. Law.), letters or writs directed to particular persons for particular purposes, and hence closed or sealed on the outside; -- distinguished from letters patent. --Burrill. Letters of orders (Eccl.), a document duly signed and sealed, by which a bishop makes it known that he has regularly ordained a certain person as priest, deacon, etc. Letters patent, overt, or open (Eng. Law), a writing executed and sealed, by which power and authority are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some right; as, letters patent under the seal of England. Letter-sheet envelope, a stamped sheet of letter paper issued by the government, prepared to be folded and sealed for transmission by mail without an envelope. Letters testamentary (Law), an instrument granted by the proper officer to an executor after probate of a will, authorizing him to act as executor. Letter writer. (a) One who writes letters. (b) A machine for copying letters. (c) A book giving directions and forms for the writing of letters.
Me"di*um\, n.; pl. L. Media, E. Mediums. [L. medium the middle, fr. medius middle. See Mid, and cf. Medius.]1. That which lies in the middle, or between other things; intervening body or quantity. Hence, specifically: (a) Middle place or degree; mean. The just medium . . . lies between pride and abjection. --L'Estrange. (b) (Math.) See Mean. (c) (Logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism; that by which the extremes are brought into connection. 2. A substance through which an effect is transmitted from one thing to another; as, air is the common medium of sound. Hence: The condition upon which any event or action occurs; necessary means of motion or action; that through or by which anything is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on; specifically, in animal magnetism, spiritualism, etc., a person through whom the action of another being is said to be manifested and transmitted. Whether any other liquors, being made mediums, cause a diversity of sound from water, it may be tried. --Bacon. I must bring together All these extremes; and must remove all mediums. --Denham. 3. An average. [R.] A medium of six years of war, and six years of peace. --Burke. 4. A trade name for printing and writing paper of certain sizes. See Paper. 5. (Paint.) The liquid vehicle with which dry colors are ground and prepared for application. Circulating medium, a current medium of exchange, whether coin, bank notes, or government notes. Ethereal medium (Physics), the ether. Medium of exchange, that which is used for effecting an exchange of commodities -- money or current representatives of money.
Nau"ti*lus\, n.; pl. E. Nautiluses, L. Nautili. [L., fr. gr. nayti`los a seaman, sailor, a kind of shellfish which was supposed to be furnished with a membrane which served as a sail; fr. nay^s ship. See Nave of a church.]1. (Zo["o]l.) The only existing genus of tetrabranchiate cephalopods. About four species are found living in the tropical Pacific, but many other species are found fossil. The shell is spiral, symmetrical, and chambered, or divided into several cavities by simple curved partitions, which are traversed and connected together by a continuous and nearly central tube or siphuncle. See Tetrabranchiata. Note: The head of the animal bears numerous simple tapered arms, or tentacles, arranged in groups, but not furnished with suckers. The siphon, unlike, that of ordinary cephalopods, is not a closed tube, and is not used as a locomotive organ, but merely serves to conduct water to and from the gill cavity, which contains two pairs of gills. The animal occupies only the outer chamber of the shell; the others are filled with gas. It creeps over the bottom of the sea, not coming to the surface to swim or sail, as was formerly imagined. 2. The argonaut; -- also called paper nautilus. See Argonauta, and Paper nautilus, under Paper. 3. A variety of diving bell, the lateral as well as vertical motions of which are controlled, by the occupants.
Poo"nah paint`ing\ [From Poona, in Bombay Province, India.] A style of painting, popular in England in the 19th century, in which a thick opaque color is applied without background and with scarcely any shading, to thin paper, producing flowers, birds, etc., in imitation of Oriental work. Note: Hence: Poonah brush, paper, painter, etc.
Pack"et\, n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.]1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of letters. --Shak. 2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. Packet boat, ship, or vessel. See Packet, n., 2. Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. Packet note or post. See under Paper.
Pa"per\, n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. ?. Cf. Papyrus.]1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried. 2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance. 3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society. They brought a paper to me to be signed. --Dryden. 4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper. 5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper. 6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See
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